BIOD 121 EXAM WITH MODULES 1, 2 & 3|
LATEST UPDATE 2026|COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANDWERS
MODULE 1
Nutrition - ANSWER✔️The science that links foods to health and disease.
Science of Nutrition - ANSWER✔️Provides information consumers need, to make wise
food choices based on their age and lifestyle.
Forces that influence eating - ANSWER✔️Internal Forces
External Forces
Internal forces - ANSWER✔️Hunger
Appetite
Hunger - ANSWER✔️Internal drive (and internal force)
Negative sensation: churning, growling in stomach
,Appetite - ANSWER✔️External drive (but internal force)
Pleasant sensation with food
Leads to eat if not hungry
Satiety - ANSWER✔️The feeling of being full.
Hypothalamus - ANSWER✔️Area of the brain which plays a role in hunger and satiety.
Hypothalamus process - ANSWER✔️When not eaten, nutrient concentration in blood
drops.
Drop stimulates feeding center in hypothalamus.
Stimulates to eat., and nutrients in blood rise.
Satiety center is activated, and eating ceases.
GI tract - ANSWER✔️Main site in body for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
GI tract organs - ANSWER✔️Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, and anus.
Stomach - ANSWER✔️Organ plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation.
Hormones - ANSWER✔️Compounds secreted into bloodstream by one type of cell that
acts to control the function of another type of cell.
Hormones that increase hunger - ANSWER✔️Ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-y
Hormones that decrease hunger - ANSWER✔️Leptin, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK)
Leptin - ANSWER✔️Alerts brain to turn off hunger center and activate satiety center.
Produced in adipose cells - ANSWER✔️Leptin
Ghrelin - ANSWER✔️Traveling to brain, stimulates hunger center and deactivates satiety
center.
Produced by the stomach - ANSWER✔️Ghrelin
External forces - ANSWER✔️Sensory
Cognitive
Environmental
Health Status
Sensory Forces - ANSWER✔️Flavor, texture, appearance, taste, and smell.
, Cognitive Forces - ANSWER✔️Habits, comfort foods, advertising, social factors, and
nutritional value.
Environmental Forces - ANSWER✔️Economics, lifestyle, cultural, religious, and
environment.
Health Status - ANSWER✔️Physical restrictions, age, gender, and taste sensitivity due
to medications.
Nutrient uses in the body - ANSWER✔️Promote growth and development.
Maintain tissues, cells and bone.
Fuel body for physical and metabolic work.
Regulate body processes.
45 - ANSWER✔️Number of essential nutrients.
Classifications of nutrients - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Micronutrient
Organic
Inorganic
Carbohydrates - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Supplies Energy
Source: Grain, vegetables, fruit, dairy, and legumes
Lipids - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Provides structure
Regulates body processes
Supplies energy
Sources: Fats, oils, meat, and dairy
Protein - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Provides structure
Regulates body processes
Supplies energy
Sources: Meat, dairy, legumes, vegetables, and grains.
Five dimensions of health - ANSWER✔️Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Social
Spiritual
LATEST UPDATE 2026|COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANDWERS
MODULE 1
Nutrition - ANSWER✔️The science that links foods to health and disease.
Science of Nutrition - ANSWER✔️Provides information consumers need, to make wise
food choices based on their age and lifestyle.
Forces that influence eating - ANSWER✔️Internal Forces
External Forces
Internal forces - ANSWER✔️Hunger
Appetite
Hunger - ANSWER✔️Internal drive (and internal force)
Negative sensation: churning, growling in stomach
,Appetite - ANSWER✔️External drive (but internal force)
Pleasant sensation with food
Leads to eat if not hungry
Satiety - ANSWER✔️The feeling of being full.
Hypothalamus - ANSWER✔️Area of the brain which plays a role in hunger and satiety.
Hypothalamus process - ANSWER✔️When not eaten, nutrient concentration in blood
drops.
Drop stimulates feeding center in hypothalamus.
Stimulates to eat., and nutrients in blood rise.
Satiety center is activated, and eating ceases.
GI tract - ANSWER✔️Main site in body for digestion and absorption of nutrients.
GI tract organs - ANSWER✔️Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine, rectum, and anus.
Stomach - ANSWER✔️Organ plays a major role in satiety and weight regulation.
Hormones - ANSWER✔️Compounds secreted into bloodstream by one type of cell that
acts to control the function of another type of cell.
Hormones that increase hunger - ANSWER✔️Ghrelin, endorphins, neuropeptide-y
Hormones that decrease hunger - ANSWER✔️Leptin, serotonin, cholecystokinin (CCK)
Leptin - ANSWER✔️Alerts brain to turn off hunger center and activate satiety center.
Produced in adipose cells - ANSWER✔️Leptin
Ghrelin - ANSWER✔️Traveling to brain, stimulates hunger center and deactivates satiety
center.
Produced by the stomach - ANSWER✔️Ghrelin
External forces - ANSWER✔️Sensory
Cognitive
Environmental
Health Status
Sensory Forces - ANSWER✔️Flavor, texture, appearance, taste, and smell.
, Cognitive Forces - ANSWER✔️Habits, comfort foods, advertising, social factors, and
nutritional value.
Environmental Forces - ANSWER✔️Economics, lifestyle, cultural, religious, and
environment.
Health Status - ANSWER✔️Physical restrictions, age, gender, and taste sensitivity due
to medications.
Nutrient uses in the body - ANSWER✔️Promote growth and development.
Maintain tissues, cells and bone.
Fuel body for physical and metabolic work.
Regulate body processes.
45 - ANSWER✔️Number of essential nutrients.
Classifications of nutrients - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Micronutrient
Organic
Inorganic
Carbohydrates - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Supplies Energy
Source: Grain, vegetables, fruit, dairy, and legumes
Lipids - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Provides structure
Regulates body processes
Supplies energy
Sources: Fats, oils, meat, and dairy
Protein - ANSWER✔️Macronutrient
Organic
Provides structure
Regulates body processes
Supplies energy
Sources: Meat, dairy, legumes, vegetables, and grains.
Five dimensions of health - ANSWER✔️Physical
Intellectual
Emotional
Social
Spiritual
