NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
polyuria - Correct Answers ✅fluid volume deficit--->
*shock*
heart failure - Correct Answers ✅pump not moving blood
forward---> decreased blood to kidneys---> decreased UOP----
> *fluid retention*
hypoxia - Correct Answers ✅not enough oxygen to the
tissues----> not enough oxygen to the brain---> anxious
patient/change in LOC
QRST - Correct Answers ✅- AV node
- ventricle
- controlled by potassium
P wave - Correct Answers ✅- SA node
- atrial depolarization
- calcium
calculation of HR on ECG estimation - Correct Answers
✅measure big boxes between R-R
300/# of big boxes between R-R
,NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
normal sinus rhythm - Correct Answers ✅heart rhythm
originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at
rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
sinus bradycardia - Correct Answers ✅<60
normal sinus rhythm
*give atropine* (don't give to pt with glaucoma)
sinus tachycardia - Correct Answers ✅>100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
*caused by:*
- excessive caffeine
- anxiety
- dehydration
- hyperthyroidism
*give beta blockers, be aware of bronchoconstriction and
bronchospasm, contraindicated in asthma*
atrial fibrillation - Correct Answers ✅- SA node not firing
properly
- absence of P wave, quivering P wave
,NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
- AV node fires irregularly because its waiting for SA node to
work
- *worried about clots*
- calcium channel blockers work for a-fib because the atrium
uses calcium to work (diltiazem, verapamil)
INR & warfarin - Correct Answers ✅want it to be 2-3x the
normal value except for when there is a valve replacement
heparin & warfarin homegoing - Correct Answers ✅- don't
go home on this, usually gradually introduce warfarin
simultaneously so that they can go home on it instead (called
*bridging*)
- wait for INR to get to 2-3, then d/c heparin and continue
warfarin
potassium sparing diuretics and cardio - Correct Answers
✅*aldosterone antagonists*
*examples*
- spironolactone
- eplerinone
aldosterone increases sodium--->decreases potassium
, NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
leads to decreased sodium and water, keeps potassium same
ACE inhibitors pneumonic - Correct Answers ✅ACE-I
Angioedema
Cough
Excess K+
Instead, ARB's (still increased K+)
ACEs and ARBs are both - Correct Answers ✅Teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the
embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause
harm
priority *what am I freaking out about?? ASK GRAPH* -
Correct Answers ✅A- airway
S- sepsis
K- potassium
G- glucose below 70
R- child with lethargy
A- altered mental status suddenly
P- peritonitis
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
polyuria - Correct Answers ✅fluid volume deficit--->
*shock*
heart failure - Correct Answers ✅pump not moving blood
forward---> decreased blood to kidneys---> decreased UOP----
> *fluid retention*
hypoxia - Correct Answers ✅not enough oxygen to the
tissues----> not enough oxygen to the brain---> anxious
patient/change in LOC
QRST - Correct Answers ✅- AV node
- ventricle
- controlled by potassium
P wave - Correct Answers ✅- SA node
- atrial depolarization
- calcium
calculation of HR on ECG estimation - Correct Answers
✅measure big boxes between R-R
300/# of big boxes between R-R
,NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
normal sinus rhythm - Correct Answers ✅heart rhythm
originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at
rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
sinus bradycardia - Correct Answers ✅<60
normal sinus rhythm
*give atropine* (don't give to pt with glaucoma)
sinus tachycardia - Correct Answers ✅>100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
*caused by:*
- excessive caffeine
- anxiety
- dehydration
- hyperthyroidism
*give beta blockers, be aware of bronchoconstriction and
bronchospasm, contraindicated in asthma*
atrial fibrillation - Correct Answers ✅- SA node not firing
properly
- absence of P wave, quivering P wave
,NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
- AV node fires irregularly because its waiting for SA node to
work
- *worried about clots*
- calcium channel blockers work for a-fib because the atrium
uses calcium to work (diltiazem, verapamil)
INR & warfarin - Correct Answers ✅want it to be 2-3x the
normal value except for when there is a valve replacement
heparin & warfarin homegoing - Correct Answers ✅- don't
go home on this, usually gradually introduce warfarin
simultaneously so that they can go home on it instead (called
*bridging*)
- wait for INR to get to 2-3, then d/c heparin and continue
warfarin
potassium sparing diuretics and cardio - Correct Answers
✅*aldosterone antagonists*
*examples*
- spironolactone
- eplerinone
aldosterone increases sodium--->decreases potassium
, NCLEX HIGH YIELD TOPICS Exam
Questions and Answers (Latest 2026)
leads to decreased sodium and water, keeps potassium same
ACE inhibitors pneumonic - Correct Answers ✅ACE-I
Angioedema
Cough
Excess K+
Instead, ARB's (still increased K+)
ACEs and ARBs are both - Correct Answers ✅Teratogens
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the
embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause
harm
priority *what am I freaking out about?? ASK GRAPH* -
Correct Answers ✅A- airway
S- sepsis
K- potassium
G- glucose below 70
R- child with lethargy
A- altered mental status suddenly
P- peritonitis
