BIO 148 Exam 2 2025 Newest Exam Questions And Correct Answers A+ Pass

BIO 148 Exam 2 2025 Newest Exam Questions And Correct Answers A+ Pass What is the central dogma of molecular biology? - Answer- DNA → RNA → Protein What is the function of DNA in the central dogma? - Answer- DNA stores the genetic information. What is the function of RNA in the central dogma? - Answer- RNA carries a copy of the gene information from DNA. What is the function of protein in the central dogma? - Answer- Protein is the functional product made from genetic information. What process makes RNA from DNA? - Answer- Transcription What process makes protein from RNA? - Answer- Translation Which bases pair in DNA? - Answer- A with T, and G with C What base replaces thymine in RNA? - Answer- Uracil (U) What bases pair during transcription? - Answer- A-U, T-A, G-C, C-G Is RNA single-stranded or double-stranded? - Answer- Usually single-stranded Is DNA single-stranded or double-stranded? - Answer- Double-stranded Which DNA strand is read by RNA polymerase? - Answer- The template strand Which DNA strand matches the RNA sequence except T is replaced by U? - Answer- The coding strand Is RNA complementary to the coding strand or template strand? - Answer- Template strand Why is the coding strand called the coding strand? - Answer- Because its sequence matches the RNA sequence except DNA has T and RNA has U If the coding strand is ATG, what is the mRNA? - Answer- AUG If the template strand is TAC, what is the mRNA? - Answer- AUG What is transcription? - Answer- The process of making RNA from a DNA template Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? - Answer- In the nucleus What enzyme performs transcription? - Answer- RNA polymerase In what direction is RNA synthesized? - Answer- 5' → 3' What is a promoter? - Answer- A DNA sequence where RNA polymerase is recruited to begin transcription What are transcription factors? - Answer- Proteins that help bring RNA polymerase to the promoter What is a switch in gene regulation? - Answer- A regulatory DNA sequence that controls whether a gene is expressed What is an activator? - Answer- A regulatory protein that binds a switch and increases transcription What are the three stages of transcription? - Answer- Initiation, elongation, termination What are the three major processing steps for pre-mRNA? - Answer- 5' cap, 3' poly(A) tail, splicing What is splicing? - Answer- Removal of introns and joining of exons What is alternative splicing? - Answer- Different combinations of exons are joined to make different mRNAs from the same gene What is a codon? - Answer- A sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that codes for one amino acid What is the start codon? - Answer- AUG What are the stop codons? - Answer- UAA, UAG, UGA What is an anticodon? - Answer- A 3-base sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon What bond joins amino acids together? - Answer- Peptide bond What are the four levels of protein structure? - Answer- Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary