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1. The passage of at least 3 loose or liquid stools Diarrhea per day.
2. Diarrhea lasting 14 days or less Acute diarrhea
3. Diarrhea lasting longer than 14 days Persistent diarrhea
4. Diarrhea lasting 30 days or longer Chronic diarrhea
5. Acute diarrhea in a hospitalized patient that Healthcare associated
diarrhea was not present on admission and starts after 3 days of being
hospitalized.
6. Occurs when ingested pathogens survive in the Secretory diarrhea GI
tract long enough to absorb into the enterocytes. The resulting chain
, reaction changes cell permeability and causes the over secretion of
water, sodium, and chloride into the bowel.
7. The primary cause of acute diarrhea Infectious organisms
8. Things that increase susceptibility to an infec- Age, PPIs, antibiotics,
jejunal enteral tious organism induced diarrhea feedings
9. Upper GI tract diarrhea symptoms Large volume watery stools,
cramp-
ing, periumbilical pain,
nausea, vomiting, low
grade or no fever
10. Lower GI tract diarrhea symptoms Small volume bloody stools,
fever
,11. Severe diarrhea symptoms Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances,
metabolic acidosis
12. C diff symptoms Colitis, intestinal perforation
13. CDI adjunct therapy to help prevent the risk for Lactobacillus
probiotics recurrent CDI
14. CDI treatments Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin for 10 days, IV
metronidazole, FMT (all nonessential antibiotics, stool softeners,
laxatives, and antidiarrheal drugs should be stopped)
15. CDI with ileus treatment Vancomycin enema
16. Fecal incontinence anorectal diagnostic studies H&P, rectal exam,
manometry, ultrasound, electromyography
17. Diarrhea diagnostic studies Stool culture, blood culture, GI hor-
, mones, WBC, BUN, creatinine
18. Fewer than 3 stools lasting less than 1 week Acute constipation
19. Fewer than 3 stools lasting over 3 months Chronic constipation
20. Peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonists Decrease constipation
from opioid (methylnaltrexone, naldemedine, naloxegol) in- use
dication
21. Treatment for constipation due to anismus (un- Biofeedback therapy
coordinated contraction of the anal sphincter during straining)
22. Peritonitis that occurs when blood-borne or- Primary peritonitis
ganisms enter the peritoneal cavity.
23. Peritonitis that occurs when abdominal organs Secondary peritonitis
perforate or rupture and release their contents