NSG 6340 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS ACCURATE
RESPONSES EXPERT REVIEW
◉ indomethacin (indocin).
Answer: classification: non-opioid analgesics (para-chlorobenzoic
acid [NSAID])
action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (analgesic, antipyretic and
antiinflammatory)
therapeutic use: arthritis, acute gouty arthritis
AVOID IF ALLERGIC TO ASPIRIN
◉ morphine sulfate.
Answer: classification: opioid analgesic
action: decreases pain impulse at spinal cord level by interacting
with opioid receptors
therapeutic use: moderate to severe pain
side effects: respiratory depression and urinary retention
◉ hydromorphone (dilaudid).
,Answer: classification: opioid analgesics
action: inhibits ascending CNS pathway, increase pain threshold,
alters pain perception
therapeutic use: suppress cough, moderate to severe pain
6x more potent than morphine
◉ oxycodone with acetaminophen (percocet).
Answer: classification: opioid analgesic
action: inhibits ascending pain pathways in CNS, increases pain
threshold, alters pain perception
therapeutic use: moderate to severe pain
TAKE WITH FOOD
◉ when should you NOT administer opioid analgesics to a patient?.
Answer: RR is less than 12
◉ sumatriptan (imitrex).
Answer: classification: anti-migraine (selective serotonin receptor
agonist)
action: binds selectively to the serotonin receptor subtype and
exerts anti-migraine effects. causes VASOCONSTRICTION in cranial
arteries.
therapeutic use: treat migraine w/wo aura and cluster headaches
, ◉ monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's).
Answer: classification: anti-depressant
action: inactivates norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and
serotonin
therapeutic use: depression not controlled by TCA's and second
generation antidepressants
drug interactions: TYRAMINE (AGED CHEESE, CREAM, YOGURT,
COFFEE, CHOCOLATE, BANANAS. RAISINS, LIVER, PICKLED FOODS,
SAUSAGE, SOY SAUCE, YEAST, BEER AND RED WINE)
◉ digoxin (digitalis).
Answer: classification: cardiac glycoside
action: increased force of cardiac contraction, cardiac output and
tissue perfusion.
therapeutic use: decreased HR, decreases conduction, increase
cardiac output.
0.5-1 ng/mL
if apical pulse <60 DO NOT ADMINISTER
eat foods high in potassium
ANTIDOTE: DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB
◉ nitroglycerin.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE
TEST 2026 FULL QUESTIONS ACCURATE
RESPONSES EXPERT REVIEW
◉ indomethacin (indocin).
Answer: classification: non-opioid analgesics (para-chlorobenzoic
acid [NSAID])
action: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (analgesic, antipyretic and
antiinflammatory)
therapeutic use: arthritis, acute gouty arthritis
AVOID IF ALLERGIC TO ASPIRIN
◉ morphine sulfate.
Answer: classification: opioid analgesic
action: decreases pain impulse at spinal cord level by interacting
with opioid receptors
therapeutic use: moderate to severe pain
side effects: respiratory depression and urinary retention
◉ hydromorphone (dilaudid).
,Answer: classification: opioid analgesics
action: inhibits ascending CNS pathway, increase pain threshold,
alters pain perception
therapeutic use: suppress cough, moderate to severe pain
6x more potent than morphine
◉ oxycodone with acetaminophen (percocet).
Answer: classification: opioid analgesic
action: inhibits ascending pain pathways in CNS, increases pain
threshold, alters pain perception
therapeutic use: moderate to severe pain
TAKE WITH FOOD
◉ when should you NOT administer opioid analgesics to a patient?.
Answer: RR is less than 12
◉ sumatriptan (imitrex).
Answer: classification: anti-migraine (selective serotonin receptor
agonist)
action: binds selectively to the serotonin receptor subtype and
exerts anti-migraine effects. causes VASOCONSTRICTION in cranial
arteries.
therapeutic use: treat migraine w/wo aura and cluster headaches
, ◉ monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI's).
Answer: classification: anti-depressant
action: inactivates norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine, and
serotonin
therapeutic use: depression not controlled by TCA's and second
generation antidepressants
drug interactions: TYRAMINE (AGED CHEESE, CREAM, YOGURT,
COFFEE, CHOCOLATE, BANANAS. RAISINS, LIVER, PICKLED FOODS,
SAUSAGE, SOY SAUCE, YEAST, BEER AND RED WINE)
◉ digoxin (digitalis).
Answer: classification: cardiac glycoside
action: increased force of cardiac contraction, cardiac output and
tissue perfusion.
therapeutic use: decreased HR, decreases conduction, increase
cardiac output.
0.5-1 ng/mL
if apical pulse <60 DO NOT ADMINISTER
eat foods high in potassium
ANTIDOTE: DIGOXIN IMMUNE FAB
◉ nitroglycerin.
