ATLS EXAM 2026 WITH 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar
to those for the younger population, data shows increased
mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults. - Precise
Answer ✔✔True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological
reserve? - Precise Answer ✔✔aging is characterized by
impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an
increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated
by the younger population can lead to devastating results in
elderly patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality
include: - Precise Answer ✔✔cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD,
ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? -
Precise Answer ✔✔Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in women
and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are the most
common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? -
Precise Answer ✔✔advanced age, physical impairment, history
of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait, and
visual, cognitive impairment
,Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on
weekends and typically involve other vehicles. Why? - Precise
Answer ✔✔Older people drive on more familiar roads and at
lower speeds and tend to drive during the day. Older people
have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical
mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized
burns in older adults remains high - Precise Answer ✔✔True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-
epithelialize due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will
result in a full thickness burn in older patients. - Precise Answer
✔✔this is true
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct
the airway. If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave
them in place for what? - Precise Answer ✔✔bag mask
ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what
percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? -
Precise Answer ✔✔20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function,
decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, atherosclerosis of
coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) - Precise Answer ✔✔this results in lack of classic
response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP
,at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased
elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange
and decreased cough reflex - Precise Answer ✔✔thus they are at
increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for
pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass,
decreased GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and
aldosterone - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting in drug dosing for
renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate urine,
increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass,
osteoporosis, changes in joints and cartilage, c spine
degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous
fat - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting in increased risk for fractures,
decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of skin
injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in
rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased
production and response to thyroxin and decreased
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting
in occult hypothyroidism, relative hypercortisone states and
increased risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical
, spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes
affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with
severe central canal stenosis, cord compression, and
myelomalacia - Precise Answer ✔✔true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system,
placing a gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when
using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because
aging causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia...... -
Precise Answer ✔✔respiratory failure may present insidiously
in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the
elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being inaccurately
categorized as hemodynamically stable. - Precise Answer
✔✔Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed cardiac
output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve
increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a
hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the
threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients -
Precise Answer ✔✔BP in older patients may look normal due to
the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit to
evaluate for evidence of shock
what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial
hemorrhage? - Precise Answer ✔✔aging causes dura to become
more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and older
ACCURATE ANSWERS
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar
to those for the younger population, data shows increased
mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults. - Precise
Answer ✔✔True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological
reserve? - Precise Answer ✔✔aging is characterized by
impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that caused an
increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated
by the younger population can lead to devastating results in
elderly patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality
include: - Precise Answer ✔✔cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD,
ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly? -
Precise Answer ✔✔Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in women
and fractures are common in women who fall. Falls are the most
common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls? -
Precise Answer ✔✔advanced age, physical impairment, history
of previous fall, medication use, dementia, unsteady gait, and
visual, cognitive impairment
,Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on
weekends and typically involve other vehicles. Why? - Precise
Answer ✔✔Older people drive on more familiar roads and at
lower speeds and tend to drive during the day. Older people
have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical
mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized
burns in older adults remains high - Precise Answer ✔✔True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re-
epithelialize due to an adequate number of hair follicles, will
result in a full thickness burn in older patients. - Precise Answer
✔✔this is true
Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct
the airway. If dentures are not obstructing the airway, leave
them in place for what? - Precise Answer ✔✔bag mask
ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos,
barbiturates, and other sedatives should be reduced to what
percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular depression? -
Precise Answer ✔✔20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function,
decreased sensitivity to catecholamines, atherosclerosis of
coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) - Precise Answer ✔✔this results in lack of classic
response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac ischemia, elevated BP
,at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased
elastic recoil, reduced residual capacity, decreased gas exchange
and decreased cough reflex - Precise Answer ✔✔thus they are at
increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for
pneumonia, and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass,
decreased GFR, and decreased sensitivity to ADH and
aldosterone - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting in drug dosing for
renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate urine,
increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with
hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass,
osteoporosis, changes in joints and cartilage, c spine
degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous
fat - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting in increased risk for fractures,
decreased mobility, difficulty for oral intubation, risk of skin
injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in
rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased
production and response to thyroxin and decreased
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - Precise Answer ✔✔resulting
in occult hypothyroidism, relative hypercortisone states and
increased risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical
, spine. Patients can have multilevel degenerative changes
affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with
severe central canal stenosis, cord compression, and
myelomalacia - Precise Answer ✔✔true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system,
placing a gauze between gums and cheek to achieve seal when
using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because
aging causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia...... -
Precise Answer ✔✔respiratory failure may present insidiously
in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the
elderly trauma patient at significant risk for being inaccurately
categorized as hemodynamically stable. - Precise Answer
✔✔Elderly patients have a fixed heart rate and fixed cardiac
output, thus, their response to hypovolemia will involve
increasing their systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, since
older patients have HTN, an acceptable BP may truly reflect a
hypotensive state. A systolic BP of 110 is to be utilized as the
threshold for identifying hypotension in patients 65 and older.
Do no equate blood pressure with shock in older patients -
Precise Answer ✔✔BP in older patients may look normal due to
the medications they are on. Use lactate and base deficit to
evaluate for evidence of shock
what 2 factors place elderly patients at risk for intracranial
hemorrhage? - Precise Answer ✔✔aging causes dura to become
more adherent to the skull increasing risk of injury and older
