AP PSYCHOLOGY UNIT 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
hindsight bias - Correct Answers -The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome,
that one would have foreseen it-
"I knew it all along"
critical thinking - Correct Answers -Is rationally deciding what to believe or what to do.
When one rationally decides something, he or she evaluates information to see if it
makes sense, whether it's coherent, and whether the argument is well founded on
evidence.
validity - Correct Answers -the extent to which a test or experiment measures or
predicts what it is supposed to do
theory - Correct Answers -A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount
of data
hypothesis - Correct Answers -A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition - Correct Answers -A statement of the procedures used to define
research variables that is specific and allows research to be replicated
replication - Correct Answers -replicate the original study
case study - Correct Answers -An observation technique in which one person is studied
in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
, survey - Correct Answers -A study, generally in the form of an interview or
questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and
act.
population - Correct Answers -the whole group that you want to study and describe
random sample - Correct Answers -A sample that fairly represents a population
because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
correlation - Correct Answers -A measure of the relationship between two variables
correlation coefficient - Correct Answers -A statistical index of the relationship between
two things (from -1 to +1)
scatterplot - Correct Answers -A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the
values of two variables.
illusory correlation - Correct Answers -The perception of a relationship where none
exists
experiment - Correct Answers -A research method in which an investigator manipulates
one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
random assignment - Correct Answers -Assigning participants to experimental and
control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those
assigned to the different groups
double-blind study - Correct Answers -An experiment in which neither the participant nor
the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
placebo effect - Correct Answers -Experimental results caused by expectations alone;
any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition,
which is assumed to be an active agent.
experimental group - Correct Answers -A subject or group of subjects in an experiment
that is exposed to the factor or condition being tested.
control group - Correct Answers -In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the
treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for
evaluating the effect of the treatment.
independent variable - Correct Answers -(statistics) a variable whose values are
independent of changes in the values of other variables
confounding variable - Correct Answers -A factor other than the independent variable
that might produce an effect in an experiment.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
hindsight bias - Correct Answers -The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome,
that one would have foreseen it-
"I knew it all along"
critical thinking - Correct Answers -Is rationally deciding what to believe or what to do.
When one rationally decides something, he or she evaluates information to see if it
makes sense, whether it's coherent, and whether the argument is well founded on
evidence.
validity - Correct Answers -the extent to which a test or experiment measures or
predicts what it is supposed to do
theory - Correct Answers -A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount
of data
hypothesis - Correct Answers -A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
operational definition - Correct Answers -A statement of the procedures used to define
research variables that is specific and allows research to be replicated
replication - Correct Answers -replicate the original study
case study - Correct Answers -An observation technique in which one person is studied
in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
, survey - Correct Answers -A study, generally in the form of an interview or
questionnaire, that provides researchers with information about how people think and
act.
population - Correct Answers -the whole group that you want to study and describe
random sample - Correct Answers -A sample that fairly represents a population
because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
correlation - Correct Answers -A measure of the relationship between two variables
correlation coefficient - Correct Answers -A statistical index of the relationship between
two things (from -1 to +1)
scatterplot - Correct Answers -A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the
values of two variables.
illusory correlation - Correct Answers -The perception of a relationship where none
exists
experiment - Correct Answers -A research method in which an investigator manipulates
one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
random assignment - Correct Answers -Assigning participants to experimental and
control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those
assigned to the different groups
double-blind study - Correct Answers -An experiment in which neither the participant nor
the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
placebo effect - Correct Answers -Experimental results caused by expectations alone;
any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition,
which is assumed to be an active agent.
experimental group - Correct Answers -A subject or group of subjects in an experiment
that is exposed to the factor or condition being tested.
control group - Correct Answers -In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the
treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for
evaluating the effect of the treatment.
independent variable - Correct Answers -(statistics) a variable whose values are
independent of changes in the values of other variables
confounding variable - Correct Answers -A factor other than the independent variable
that might produce an effect in an experiment.
