NR 566 Midterm/NR566 Advanced
Pharmacology for Care of the Family
Questions and Answers | Newest
Updated Study Guide with Accurate
Solutions | Grade A+
• Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy
adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work? -✓✓1st line: Amoxicillin,
doxycycline and macrolide (Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
• Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? -✓✓Macrolides:
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
• Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy -✓✓Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
• If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of
contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar
with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class -✓✓"floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
• Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? -✓✓Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg
PO QID x 14 days
• When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? -✓✓-before cultures result
,-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
• Narrow-spectrum antibiotics -✓✓-active against only a few species of
microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
• Empiric antibiotics - What are they? -✓✓Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
• When to prescribed empiric antibiotics -✓✓-patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely
causing the infection
• C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? -✓✓Stop prior antibiotic and start
Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
• Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff -
✓✓-Cephalosporins
, Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
• Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction -✓✓Cephalosporins
• Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients -✓✓Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
• Cephalosporins - Patient Education -✓✓-Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs,
thrombolytics, and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
• Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients -✓✓Safe to prescribe
• Tetracyclines - patient education -✓✓-Do NOT administer w/ calcium
supplements, milk products, Iron supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives),
most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
• Tetracyclines - Prescribing in pregnant patients -✓✓can cause fetal harm and
permanent staining of infants teeth
AVOID
Pharmacology for Care of the Family
Questions and Answers | Newest
Updated Study Guide with Accurate
Solutions | Grade A+
• Community Acquired Pneumonia - 1st line treatment for previously healthy
adults and what to give if 1st drug didn't work? -✓✓1st line: Amoxicillin,
doxycycline and macrolide (Azithromycin)
Second choice: Levaquin (Fluroquinolones)
• Treatment for M. Pneumoniae in pediatric patients? -✓✓Macrolides:
Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
• Treatment of community acquired pneumonia in pregnancy -✓✓Amoxicillin,
cephalosporins, or erythromycin
• If someone has been treated w/ an antibiotic in the previous 90 days of
contracting CAP, a quinolone would be prudent choice to prescribe. Be familiar
with drug examples w/n the antibiotic class -✓✓"floxacin"
Genifloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
• Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia in an infant? -✓✓Erythromycin 12.5 mg/kg
PO QID x 14 days
• When to use a broad-spectrum anitbiotic? -✓✓-before cultures result
,-critically ill patient
-empiric therapy
-pathogen is unknown or multiple types of bacteria suspected
-Gram + cocci and Gram - Bacilli
• Narrow-spectrum antibiotics -✓✓-active against only a few species of
microogranisms
-used when pathogen is known
-reduces risk of disruption of normal flora and development of antibiotic resistance
-preferred when possible
-Gram + cocci, Gram - bacilli, gram - aerobes, mycobacterium TB
• Empiric antibiotics - What are they? -✓✓Broad spectrum antibiotics
-Ciprofloxacin, timethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin
• When to prescribed empiric antibiotics -✓✓-patient has severe infection
-before test results are available
-based on clinical evaluation and knowledge of microbes that are most likely
causing the infection
• C. Diff associated diarrhea - how to treat? -✓✓Stop prior antibiotic and start
Vancomycin or Fidaxomicin or Metronidazole
Chart in Book
• Drug class known for ALL drugs in class to promote development of C. Diff -
✓✓-Cephalosporins
, Specifically: 2nd generation (Cefoxitin) and 3rd generation (Cefotaxime)
-Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin)
-Clindamycin
• Penicillin - Cross-sensitivity reaction -✓✓Cephalosporins
• Penicillin - prescribing in pregnant patients -✓✓Avoid in 1st trimester
No 2nd or 3rd fetal risk
• Cephalosporins - Patient Education -✓✓-Do not take if allergic to penicillin
-Interacts w/ alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction)
-Interacts with Vitamin K clotting factors (Can promote bleeding esp. w/ NSAIDs,
thrombolytics, and anticoagulants)
-Increases risk for C. Diff, notify provider of increased stool frequency
• Cephalosporins - Pregnant patients -✓✓Safe to prescribe
• Tetracyclines - patient education -✓✓-Do NOT administer w/ calcium
supplements, milk products, Iron supplements, magnesium (contain laxatives),
most antacids)
-Avoid prolonged sun exposure
-most common side effect: n/v, diarrhea (take with meals to avoid)
• Tetracyclines - Prescribing in pregnant patients -✓✓can cause fetal harm and
permanent staining of infants teeth
AVOID
