EXSC 223L Final Examination with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
agonist - Answer the muscle most involved in bringing about a particular movement, aka the
prime mover
antagonist - Answer the muscle that performs the opposing movement of the agonist
what do antagonist muscles do? - Answer resist the movement of the agonist to maintain
the balance of tension on joint
synergist - Answer the muscle(s) that indirectly assist the agonist to produce a movement
what are synergists also? - Answer fixators
stabilizers that act to eliminate unwanted movement of the agonist's origin
when are synergists required? - Answer control body motion when the agonist muscle
crosses two or more joints
fulcrum - Answer the pivot point of a lever (a joint in many cases)
1st class lever - Answer muscle effort and resistive force (load) act on opposite sides of
fulcrum
effort, fulcrum, load (EFL)
what is an example of a 1st class lever? - Answer triceps extension
effort (triceps)
fulcrum (elbow joint)
load (weight in hands)
2nd class lever - Answer load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort
fulcrum, load, effort (FLE)
,what is an example of a 2nd class lever? - Answer calf raise
fulcrum (ball of foot)
load (weight of body)
effort (gastrocnemius)
3rd class lever - Answer effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and load
fulcrum, effort, load (FEL)
what is an example of a 3rd class lever? - Answer bicep curl
fulcrum (elbow joint)
effort (biceps)
load (weight in hands)
what are most exercises? - Answer 3rd class levers
origin - Answer proximal attachment site, typically attaches to a fixed bone?
does the origin move during contraction? - Answer no; fixed point that doesn't move during
contraction
when a muscle contracts, what happens? - Answer the origin pulls the insertion closer
insertion - Answer distal attachment site, typically attaches to a moveable bone
does the insertion move during contraction? - Answer yes; mobile point that does move
during contraction
scalp and eyebrow muscles - Answer occipotofrontalis (epicranius)
corrugar supercilii
levator palpebrae superiorisi
orbiularis oculi
occipotofrontalis (epicranius) - Answer draws the scalp posteriorly
, raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead (horizontally)
corrugator supercilii - Answer draws the eyebrows downward and medially
makes angry eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead (vertically)
levator palpebrae superiorisi - Answer elevates and retracts the eyelids
keeps the eyes open
orbiularis oculi - Answer closes the eyelids
mouth muscles - Answer orbicularis oris
levator labii superioris
depressor labii inferioris
levator anguli oris
depressor anguli oris
buccinator
risorius
platysma
orbicular oris - Answer 2 different portions (superficial and deep)
superficial orbicularis oris - Answer closes, lips, protrudes lips
deep orbicularis oris - Answer presses lips against teeth, important for speech production
levator labii superioris - Answer raises upper lip and moves it forward
depressor labii inferioris - Answer draws lower lip inferiorly and laterally
exposes lower teeth during smiling
levator anguli oris - Answer raises the angle of the mouth
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026
Updated.
agonist - Answer the muscle most involved in bringing about a particular movement, aka the
prime mover
antagonist - Answer the muscle that performs the opposing movement of the agonist
what do antagonist muscles do? - Answer resist the movement of the agonist to maintain
the balance of tension on joint
synergist - Answer the muscle(s) that indirectly assist the agonist to produce a movement
what are synergists also? - Answer fixators
stabilizers that act to eliminate unwanted movement of the agonist's origin
when are synergists required? - Answer control body motion when the agonist muscle
crosses two or more joints
fulcrum - Answer the pivot point of a lever (a joint in many cases)
1st class lever - Answer muscle effort and resistive force (load) act on opposite sides of
fulcrum
effort, fulcrum, load (EFL)
what is an example of a 1st class lever? - Answer triceps extension
effort (triceps)
fulcrum (elbow joint)
load (weight in hands)
2nd class lever - Answer load is in the middle between the fulcrum and the effort
fulcrum, load, effort (FLE)
,what is an example of a 2nd class lever? - Answer calf raise
fulcrum (ball of foot)
load (weight of body)
effort (gastrocnemius)
3rd class lever - Answer effort is in the middle between the fulcrum and load
fulcrum, effort, load (FEL)
what is an example of a 3rd class lever? - Answer bicep curl
fulcrum (elbow joint)
effort (biceps)
load (weight in hands)
what are most exercises? - Answer 3rd class levers
origin - Answer proximal attachment site, typically attaches to a fixed bone?
does the origin move during contraction? - Answer no; fixed point that doesn't move during
contraction
when a muscle contracts, what happens? - Answer the origin pulls the insertion closer
insertion - Answer distal attachment site, typically attaches to a moveable bone
does the insertion move during contraction? - Answer yes; mobile point that does move
during contraction
scalp and eyebrow muscles - Answer occipotofrontalis (epicranius)
corrugar supercilii
levator palpebrae superiorisi
orbiularis oculi
occipotofrontalis (epicranius) - Answer draws the scalp posteriorly
, raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead (horizontally)
corrugator supercilii - Answer draws the eyebrows downward and medially
makes angry eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead (vertically)
levator palpebrae superiorisi - Answer elevates and retracts the eyelids
keeps the eyes open
orbiularis oculi - Answer closes the eyelids
mouth muscles - Answer orbicularis oris
levator labii superioris
depressor labii inferioris
levator anguli oris
depressor anguli oris
buccinator
risorius
platysma
orbicular oris - Answer 2 different portions (superficial and deep)
superficial orbicularis oris - Answer closes, lips, protrudes lips
deep orbicularis oris - Answer presses lips against teeth, important for speech production
levator labii superioris - Answer raises upper lip and moves it forward
depressor labii inferioris - Answer draws lower lip inferiorly and laterally
exposes lower teeth during smiling
levator anguli oris - Answer raises the angle of the mouth
