Final Exam with correct answers 100% 2026

Final Exam with correct answers 100% 2026 In this experiment, you are working with an acute slice of mammalian hippocampus in a bath of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In your first experiment, you stimulate the mossy fiber projection with an extremely strong stimulus while patch clamp recording from the postsynaptic neuron. When the presynaptic axons are electrically stimulated, which of the following sequence of events occurs? - Correct Answer Opening of voltage gated calcium channels in dentate gyrus axons, fusion of glutamate containing vesicles to the presynaptic membrane, opening of AMPA receptors in CA3 neuron dendrites, sodium influx into CA3 neurons. In the acute slice from #1, the bath of 37 °C artificial cerebrospinal fluid is composed of 4 mM K+, 135 mM Na+, and 100 mM Cl— . The hippocampal excitatory neurons have intracellular ion concentrations of 140 mM K+, 5 mM Na+, and 20 mM Cl-. At rest, these neurons have relative permeabilities of 1.00 : 0.05 : 0.45 (PK : PNa : PCl). What is the expected resting membrane potential of the hippocampal excitatory neuron in this experiment? (in millivolts please) Incorrect answer: - Correct Answer -62.0 to -58.0 inclusive If we add the neurotoxin TTX into the aCSF bath while stimulating the mossy fibers, which of the following is the MOST probable outcome as we record from the postsynaptic neurons? - Correct Answer Decrease in action potential dependent, evoked excitatory currents You are particularly interested in studying a novel class of voltage dependent Na+ channels in the neurons you have been recording from. You want to determine how these specific channels contribute to membrane potential in a mouse mutant that overexpresses this channel in the hippocampus. Which of the following inhibitors would be necessary for specifically isolating miniature voltage dependent Na+ currents during voltage clamp recordings of a single neuron in your experimental preparation? (check all that apply) - Correct Answer Tetraethylammonium (TEA) & Tetrodotoxin (TTX) You have modified the experimental setup described above by patch-clamping two random neurons in primary sensory cortex. Let's assume that following stimulation of one neuron, the membrane potential of the other (presumably postsynaptic) neuron becomes more NEGATIVE. Which of the following options is the most likely cause of this hyperpolarization? The neuron that was stimulated is GABAergic and acting upon GABAA receptors on the post-synaptic cell. - Correct Answer The neuron that was stimulated is GABAergic and acting upon GABAA receptors on the post-synaptic cell. Suppose we stimulate the mossy fiber projection with 150 depolarizing pulses at a frequency of 100 Hz. What is the most likely result? - Correct Answer Insertion of AMPAR into the postsynaptic membrane and long-term potentiation (LTP). You are interested in recording from hippocampal neurons in an awake rat. Unfortunately, you accidently set the stimulation parameters wrong and you overstimulated the mossy fiber projection, resulting in excitotoxic, necrotic death of nearly all neurons in CA3 and the DG. After the rat recovers from this experiment, you decide to test the rats memory in a Morris Water Maze where the hidden platform is located in the northeast quadrant (assume 4 equal quadrants for this experiment). After six trials per day over the course of three days, which quadrant would you expect the injured mouse to spend the most time in a the end of the testing period? - Correct Answer no preference for any quadrant size of _________ arising from the deprived eye. This visual information is particularly important for areas of association cortex dedicated to facial recognition located in the ______ lobe. - Correct Answer critical period, ocular dominance columns, temporal During your shift as an emergency room physician, you admit a patient who fell 30 feet while rock climbing onto rocky terrain. Upon examination, the patient has reduced voluntary motor control of his right leg, a loss of pain and temperature sensation in his left side from the hip down, and a loss of fine touch and proprioception in his right side from the hip down. What is the likely location of his spinal cord lesion? - Correct Answer A partial lesion localized to the right side of the spinal cord six segments caudal to T7 You speak with the same patient about testing new therapeutic strategies he found on the internet to restore motor control to the right leg. Assuming that your patient was recently injured but healthy enough to initiate rehabilitatation, w