NR511 Final Questions Comprehensive Review 2026 |
High-Yield Study Guide
1. Describe the genetic mechanism that leads to sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene,
which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a dominant mutation on the X
chromosome.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by environmental factors.
Sickle cell anemia is inherited through mitochondrial DNA.
2. What type of anemia is indicated by a complete blood count (CBC) showing
microcytic hypochromic characteristics?
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
3. Describe the significance of a microcytic hypochromic anemia finding in a
pediatric patient and what it typically suggests.
It suggests a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production.
It indicates the presence of a viral infection affecting red blood cells.
It typically suggests iron deficiency anemia, which is common in
young children due to inadequate dietary iron intake.
It indicates a need for immediate blood transfusion due to severe
blood loss.
,4. Which is the most common leukemia among adults in the US, but rate in
China and Japan?
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
5. What is the recommended antibiotic to be ordered alongside ceftriaxone for
treating a deep scalp laceration in a diabetic patient?
Vancomycin
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
Clindamycin
6. What is the inheritance pattern of sickle cell anemia?
autosomal recessive
autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
X-linked dominant
7. Discuss why circumcision is not considered a risk factor for prostate cancer
compared to other lifestyle factors.
Circumcision is a preventive measure against prostate cancer.
Circumcision reduces the risk of all cancers, including prostate cancer.
, Circumcision is linked to higher testosterone levels, increasing cancer
risk.
Circumcision is not considered a risk factor for prostate cancer,
while factors like smoking and obesity are linked to increased risk.
8. A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue and pallor. After diagnosis of
iron deficiency anemia, what would be the most appropriate first step in
management?
Initiate iron supplementation
Start erythropoietin therapy
Schedule a blood transfusion
Refer for a bone marrow biopsy
9. Which is true of sickle cell disease?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominate
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
10. What diagnostic test is specifically used to identify sideroblasts in the bone
marrow?
Iron studies
Prussian blue stain
Bone marrow biopsy
Complete blood count
, 11. Disc herniation at L4/L5 would most likely compress which spinal nerve root?
L4
S1
L5
L3
12. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by:
compression of the median nerve
microscopic tearing of the wrist tendon
tearing of the median nerve
inflammation of the wrist tendons
13. What specific nerve roots are typically affected by a lumbar disc herniation
at the L4/L5 level?
L5 and S1 nerve roots
L4 and L5 nerve roots
S1 and S2 nerve roots
L3 and L4 nerve roots
14. A patient presents with fatigue and low energy levels but has not yet
developed anemia. Which test would you order to assess for potential iron
deficiency?
Serum ferritin
Hemoglobin level
Reticulocyte count
High-Yield Study Guide
1. Describe the genetic mechanism that leads to sickle cell anemia.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene,
which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by a dominant mutation on the X
chromosome.
Sickle cell anemia is caused by environmental factors.
Sickle cell anemia is inherited through mitochondrial DNA.
2. What type of anemia is indicated by a complete blood count (CBC) showing
microcytic hypochromic characteristics?
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
3. Describe the significance of a microcytic hypochromic anemia finding in a
pediatric patient and what it typically suggests.
It suggests a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production.
It indicates the presence of a viral infection affecting red blood cells.
It typically suggests iron deficiency anemia, which is common in
young children due to inadequate dietary iron intake.
It indicates a need for immediate blood transfusion due to severe
blood loss.
,4. Which is the most common leukemia among adults in the US, but rate in
China and Japan?
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
5. What is the recommended antibiotic to be ordered alongside ceftriaxone for
treating a deep scalp laceration in a diabetic patient?
Vancomycin
Amoxicillin
Metronidazole
Clindamycin
6. What is the inheritance pattern of sickle cell anemia?
autosomal recessive
autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
X-linked dominant
7. Discuss why circumcision is not considered a risk factor for prostate cancer
compared to other lifestyle factors.
Circumcision is a preventive measure against prostate cancer.
Circumcision reduces the risk of all cancers, including prostate cancer.
, Circumcision is linked to higher testosterone levels, increasing cancer
risk.
Circumcision is not considered a risk factor for prostate cancer,
while factors like smoking and obesity are linked to increased risk.
8. A patient presents with symptoms of fatigue and pallor. After diagnosis of
iron deficiency anemia, what would be the most appropriate first step in
management?
Initiate iron supplementation
Start erythropoietin therapy
Schedule a blood transfusion
Refer for a bone marrow biopsy
9. Which is true of sickle cell disease?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominate
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
10. What diagnostic test is specifically used to identify sideroblasts in the bone
marrow?
Iron studies
Prussian blue stain
Bone marrow biopsy
Complete blood count
, 11. Disc herniation at L4/L5 would most likely compress which spinal nerve root?
L4
S1
L5
L3
12. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by:
compression of the median nerve
microscopic tearing of the wrist tendon
tearing of the median nerve
inflammation of the wrist tendons
13. What specific nerve roots are typically affected by a lumbar disc herniation
at the L4/L5 level?
L5 and S1 nerve roots
L4 and L5 nerve roots
S1 and S2 nerve roots
L3 and L4 nerve roots
14. A patient presents with fatigue and low energy levels but has not yet
developed anemia. Which test would you order to assess for potential iron
deficiency?
Serum ferritin
Hemoglobin level
Reticulocyte count
