BIOL 1090 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTIONS
1) Active transport uses -- Answer ✔✔ an active transporter the same way as
facilitative diffusion, but it uses energy to move against the concentration gradient
2) The function of glycolax is to -- Answer ✔✔ - mediate intercellular interactions
- provide mechanical protection
- serve as a barrier to some particles
- bind to regulatory factors
3) Glycolax is -- Answer ✔✔ a bunch of carbohydrate groups attached to proteins and
lipids in the extracellular space
4) The extracellular matrix is -- Answer ✔✔ an organized network of material
produced and secreted by cells
5) The function of the extracellular matrix is to provide -- Answer ✔✔ - sites for
attachment
- physical support
- regulatory factors (signals)
, - definition between tissues
6) The extracellular matrix is composed of -- Answer ✔✔ proteins, glycoproteins and
proteoglycans such as collagen, fibronectin and laminin
7) Plant cell walls are composed of -- Answer ✔✔ cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and
proteins
8) The function of plant cell walls is to -- Answer ✔✔ provide structural support to the
cell and organism, protect the cell from damage and it contains biochemical signals
9) The endosymbiont theory is that -- Answer ✔✔ mitochondria and chloroplasts
originated as aerobic bacterium that entered an anaerobic prokaryote and formed a
symbiotic relationship with it
10) The outer mitochondrial membrane contains -- Answer ✔✔ enzymes and porins
11) Porins are -- Answer ✔✔ large channels that make the membrane permeable when
open
12) The inner mitochondrial membrane contains -- Answer ✔✔ a high protein to lipid
ratio (3:1), double layered folds called cristae and it is rich in cardiolipin
phospholipids
13) The mitochondrial intermembrane space is -- Answer ✔✔ between the inner and
outer mitochondrial membranes
14) The mitochondrial matrix has -- Answer ✔✔ gel-like consistency, ribosomes and
DNA
, 15) Oxidative phosphorylation is -- Answer ✔✔ the transport of electrons to generate
an electrochemical gradient which facilitates the synthesis of ATP
16) The first step of oxidative phosphorylation is when -- Answer ✔✔ - high energy
electrons pass through coenzymes and electron carriers in the ETC
- the energy transfer facilitates the transport of protons into the
intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient
17) The second step of oxidative phosphorylation is when -- Answer ✔✔ protons are
moved back into the mitochondrial matrix, generating enough potential energy to
synthesize ATP in the matrix
18) Light-dependent reactions in chloroplasts -- Answer ✔✔ occur in the thylakoid
membrane
- chlorophyl harvests the light, electrons enter the ETC and protons are
pumped into the thylakoid lumen
19) Light-independent reactions in chloroplasts -- Answer ✔✔ occur in the stroma
- ATP produced in light reactions is used to make sugars
20) Apoptosis is -- Answer ✔✔ programmed cell death, regulated by the mitochondria
21) Apoptosis is characterized by -- Answer ✔✔ - the cell shrinking
- blebbing of the membrane
- fragmentation of DNA and nucleus
- loss of attachment to other cells
- engulfment by phagocytosis
22) Apoptosis is stimulated by -- Answer ✔✔ - intracellular stimuli which results in
propoptotic proteins stimulating the mitochondria to leak apoptotic proteins
SOLUTIONS
1) Active transport uses -- Answer ✔✔ an active transporter the same way as
facilitative diffusion, but it uses energy to move against the concentration gradient
2) The function of glycolax is to -- Answer ✔✔ - mediate intercellular interactions
- provide mechanical protection
- serve as a barrier to some particles
- bind to regulatory factors
3) Glycolax is -- Answer ✔✔ a bunch of carbohydrate groups attached to proteins and
lipids in the extracellular space
4) The extracellular matrix is -- Answer ✔✔ an organized network of material
produced and secreted by cells
5) The function of the extracellular matrix is to provide -- Answer ✔✔ - sites for
attachment
- physical support
- regulatory factors (signals)
, - definition between tissues
6) The extracellular matrix is composed of -- Answer ✔✔ proteins, glycoproteins and
proteoglycans such as collagen, fibronectin and laminin
7) Plant cell walls are composed of -- Answer ✔✔ cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and
proteins
8) The function of plant cell walls is to -- Answer ✔✔ provide structural support to the
cell and organism, protect the cell from damage and it contains biochemical signals
9) The endosymbiont theory is that -- Answer ✔✔ mitochondria and chloroplasts
originated as aerobic bacterium that entered an anaerobic prokaryote and formed a
symbiotic relationship with it
10) The outer mitochondrial membrane contains -- Answer ✔✔ enzymes and porins
11) Porins are -- Answer ✔✔ large channels that make the membrane permeable when
open
12) The inner mitochondrial membrane contains -- Answer ✔✔ a high protein to lipid
ratio (3:1), double layered folds called cristae and it is rich in cardiolipin
phospholipids
13) The mitochondrial intermembrane space is -- Answer ✔✔ between the inner and
outer mitochondrial membranes
14) The mitochondrial matrix has -- Answer ✔✔ gel-like consistency, ribosomes and
DNA
, 15) Oxidative phosphorylation is -- Answer ✔✔ the transport of electrons to generate
an electrochemical gradient which facilitates the synthesis of ATP
16) The first step of oxidative phosphorylation is when -- Answer ✔✔ - high energy
electrons pass through coenzymes and electron carriers in the ETC
- the energy transfer facilitates the transport of protons into the
intermembrane space, creating a concentration gradient
17) The second step of oxidative phosphorylation is when -- Answer ✔✔ protons are
moved back into the mitochondrial matrix, generating enough potential energy to
synthesize ATP in the matrix
18) Light-dependent reactions in chloroplasts -- Answer ✔✔ occur in the thylakoid
membrane
- chlorophyl harvests the light, electrons enter the ETC and protons are
pumped into the thylakoid lumen
19) Light-independent reactions in chloroplasts -- Answer ✔✔ occur in the stroma
- ATP produced in light reactions is used to make sugars
20) Apoptosis is -- Answer ✔✔ programmed cell death, regulated by the mitochondria
21) Apoptosis is characterized by -- Answer ✔✔ - the cell shrinking
- blebbing of the membrane
- fragmentation of DNA and nucleus
- loss of attachment to other cells
- engulfment by phagocytosis
22) Apoptosis is stimulated by -- Answer ✔✔ - intracellular stimuli which results in
propoptotic proteins stimulating the mitochondria to leak apoptotic proteins
