ECOL 182R Midterm 1 Guide Questions With
Correct Answers
Classical view of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-living organisms are constant
| | | | | | | | | |
and unchanging, traces back to the Greeks
| | | | | |
Buffon (1770s) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-He suggested that the creation of species
| | | | | | | | | |
is spread out in space.
| | | | |
He also suggested that perhaps species become modified over time.
| | | | | | | | |
Erasmus Darwin (1770s) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Suggested that all organisms
| | | | | | | | |
had a common ancestor
| | |
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Suggested life had been
| | | | | | | | | |
gradually improving. Inheritance of acquired characteristics. Species change over
| | | | | | | | |
time, and the environment is a factor in this change.
| | | | | | | | |
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Charles Darwin: Descent with modification.
| | | | | | |
Armadillo and glyptodont - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Fossils of found in South
| | | | | | | | | |
America suggested armadillo evolved from glyptodont.
| | | | |
,Variation in Galapagos - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Finches and different body
| | | | | | | | |
modifications from island to island. | | | |
Vestigial Structures - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A structure that is present in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
organism but no longer serves its original purpose
| | | | | | |
Vestigial structure examples - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-human ear muscle, human
| | | | | | | | |
tailbone, toes in horse, limbs in whales and snakes
| | | | | | | |
Homologous structures - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Structures in different species
| | | | | | | |
that are similar because of common ancestry.
| | | | | |
Fossils importance to evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Show a succession from
| | | | | | | | | |
simple morphological structures to more complex forms.
| | | | | |
Archaeopteryx - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An intermediate fossil that shows both
| | | | | | | | |
reptile and bird characteristics.
| | |
Comparative embryology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the study of the similarities
| | | | | | | | |
and differences in the embryos of different species
| | | | | | |
Haeckel's Law of Development - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ontogeny recapitulates
| | | | | | | |
phylogeny. During development the embryo seems to pass through stages
| | | | | | | | | |
represented by adult organisms of more primitive species. This was disproven.
| | | | | | | | | |
, von Baer's Law - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Early development across species look
| | | | | | | | | |
similar, so the features that distinguish between different species tend to arise
| | | | | | | | | | | |
later in development.
| |
Artificial Selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Breeding organisms with specific traits
| | | | | | | |
in order to produce offspring with identical traits.
| | | | | | | |
Artificial Selection Examples - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Breeds of dogs, cattle,
| | | | | | | | |
pigeons
Pseudogenes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a piece of DNA that is clearly related to an
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
active gene, but itself is inactive
| | | | |
The "universal code" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Genetic code that consists of 64
| | | | | | | | | | |
triplets of nucleotides called codons that are the same in all living organisms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Have multiple origins by using existing cellular
| | | | | | | | | |
machinery to hijack a living cell into making more virus copies.
| | | | | | | | | |
DDC Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Duplication-degeneration-complementation
| | | | |
model. Duplication leads to functional (regulatory) divergence
| | | | | |
Neofunctionalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-creation of a new gene function | | | | | | | | |
following divergence |
Correct Answers
Classical view of evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-living organisms are constant
| | | | | | | | | |
and unchanging, traces back to the Greeks
| | | | | |
Buffon (1770s) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-He suggested that the creation of species
| | | | | | | | | |
is spread out in space.
| | | | |
He also suggested that perhaps species become modified over time.
| | | | | | | | |
Erasmus Darwin (1770s) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Suggested that all organisms
| | | | | | | | |
had a common ancestor
| | |
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Suggested life had been
| | | | | | | | | |
gradually improving. Inheritance of acquired characteristics. Species change over
| | | | | | | | |
time, and the environment is a factor in this change.
| | | | | | | | |
Evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Charles Darwin: Descent with modification.
| | | | | | |
Armadillo and glyptodont - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Fossils of found in South
| | | | | | | | | |
America suggested armadillo evolved from glyptodont.
| | | | |
,Variation in Galapagos - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Finches and different body
| | | | | | | | |
modifications from island to island. | | | |
Vestigial Structures - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A structure that is present in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
organism but no longer serves its original purpose
| | | | | | |
Vestigial structure examples - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-human ear muscle, human
| | | | | | | | |
tailbone, toes in horse, limbs in whales and snakes
| | | | | | | |
Homologous structures - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Structures in different species
| | | | | | | |
that are similar because of common ancestry.
| | | | | |
Fossils importance to evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Show a succession from
| | | | | | | | | |
simple morphological structures to more complex forms.
| | | | | |
Archaeopteryx - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An intermediate fossil that shows both
| | | | | | | | |
reptile and bird characteristics.
| | |
Comparative embryology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the study of the similarities
| | | | | | | | |
and differences in the embryos of different species
| | | | | | |
Haeckel's Law of Development - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Ontogeny recapitulates
| | | | | | | |
phylogeny. During development the embryo seems to pass through stages
| | | | | | | | | |
represented by adult organisms of more primitive species. This was disproven.
| | | | | | | | | |
, von Baer's Law - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Early development across species look
| | | | | | | | | |
similar, so the features that distinguish between different species tend to arise
| | | | | | | | | | | |
later in development.
| |
Artificial Selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Breeding organisms with specific traits
| | | | | | | |
in order to produce offspring with identical traits.
| | | | | | | |
Artificial Selection Examples - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Breeds of dogs, cattle,
| | | | | | | | |
pigeons
Pseudogenes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a piece of DNA that is clearly related to an
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
active gene, but itself is inactive
| | | | |
The "universal code" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Genetic code that consists of 64
| | | | | | | | | | |
triplets of nucleotides called codons that are the same in all living organisms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Have multiple origins by using existing cellular
| | | | | | | | | |
machinery to hijack a living cell into making more virus copies.
| | | | | | | | | |
DDC Model - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Duplication-degeneration-complementation
| | | | |
model. Duplication leads to functional (regulatory) divergence
| | | | | |
Neofunctionalization - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-creation of a new gene function | | | | | | | | |
following divergence |
