MALARIA
Comprehensive Medical Study Notes
Introduction
▶ Malaria is a mosquito-borne febrile disease caused by Malaria Parasites.
▶ Humans are infected with Plasmodium protozoa when bitten by an infective
female Anopheles mosquito vector.
Species of Malaria Parasite
There are 4 main species recognized:
• Plasmodium falciparum
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malariae
, Incubation Period
Malaria Parasite Name Incubation Period
P. falciparum 9 to 14 days
P. vivax 8 to 17 days
P. ovale 16 to 18 days
P. malariae 18 to 40 days
Epidemiological Triad
AGENT HOST
↔
P. vivax, falciparum, All ages, both sexes
ovale, malariae (Males at higher risk due
to outdoor activity)
Environmental
factor
Rainfall, Breeding places, Humidity,
Temp, Stagnant water
Comprehensive Medical Study Notes
Introduction
▶ Malaria is a mosquito-borne febrile disease caused by Malaria Parasites.
▶ Humans are infected with Plasmodium protozoa when bitten by an infective
female Anopheles mosquito vector.
Species of Malaria Parasite
There are 4 main species recognized:
• Plasmodium falciparum
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malariae
, Incubation Period
Malaria Parasite Name Incubation Period
P. falciparum 9 to 14 days
P. vivax 8 to 17 days
P. ovale 16 to 18 days
P. malariae 18 to 40 days
Epidemiological Triad
AGENT HOST
↔
P. vivax, falciparum, All ages, both sexes
ovale, malariae (Males at higher risk due
to outdoor activity)
Environmental
factor
Rainfall, Breeding places, Humidity,
Temp, Stagnant water
