NR283 Exam 2 Actual Exam Style V1 |
Chamberlain
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with muscle weakness and
cardiac arrhythmias due to a deficiency?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Hypokalemia refers to a low concentration of potassium in the blood.
Potassium is essential for the electrical activity of muscle cells and the heart. Low levels can
lead to life-threatening heart rhythms and significant muscle fatigue.
2. What is the primary cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Kidney stones
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys
D. Bladder infection
Correct Answer: C
,Expert Explanation: Pre-renal AKI occurs when the kidneys do not receive enough blood
to filter. This is often caused by systemic issues like dehydration, heart failure, or severe
bleeding. Without adequate perfusion, the kidneys cannot perform their filtration functions
effectively.
3. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Weight gain
B. Reduced urination
C. Increased thirst (polydipsia)
D. High energy levels
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The three classic signs of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and
polyphagia. Polydipsia occurs because the body tries to dilute high blood glucose levels by
triggering thirst. This is a hallmark symptom of insulin deficiency in Type 1 patients.
4. Pathophysiologically, what occurs during an acute asthma attack?
A. Permanent destruction of alveolar walls
B. Bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation
C. Fluid accumulation in the pleural space
D. Decreased production of mucus
Correct Answer: B
, Expert Explanation: Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction caused by
inflammation. During an attack, the smooth muscles around the bronchioles tighten,
narrowing the airway. Excessive mucus production also contributes to the difficulty in
breathing.
5. Which disorder is caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormones?
A. Hashimoto’s disease
B. Myxedema
C. Grave’s disease
D. Addison’s disease
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to
hyperthyroidism. The immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid to
overgrow and overproduce hormones. This results in symptoms like a high heart rate, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
6. What is the primary mechanism behind the development of edema?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
C. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Effective lymphatic drainage
Chamberlain
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with muscle weakness and
cardiac arrhythmias due to a deficiency?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypomagnesemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Hypokalemia refers to a low concentration of potassium in the blood.
Potassium is essential for the electrical activity of muscle cells and the heart. Low levels can
lead to life-threatening heart rhythms and significant muscle fatigue.
2. What is the primary cause of pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Kidney stones
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys
D. Bladder infection
Correct Answer: C
,Expert Explanation: Pre-renal AKI occurs when the kidneys do not receive enough blood
to filter. This is often caused by systemic issues like dehydration, heart failure, or severe
bleeding. Without adequate perfusion, the kidneys cannot perform their filtration functions
effectively.
3. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Weight gain
B. Reduced urination
C. Increased thirst (polydipsia)
D. High energy levels
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The three classic signs of diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and
polyphagia. Polydipsia occurs because the body tries to dilute high blood glucose levels by
triggering thirst. This is a hallmark symptom of insulin deficiency in Type 1 patients.
4. Pathophysiologically, what occurs during an acute asthma attack?
A. Permanent destruction of alveolar walls
B. Bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation
C. Fluid accumulation in the pleural space
D. Decreased production of mucus
Correct Answer: B
, Expert Explanation: Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction caused by
inflammation. During an attack, the smooth muscles around the bronchioles tighten,
narrowing the airway. Excessive mucus production also contributes to the difficulty in
breathing.
5. Which disorder is caused by an overproduction of thyroid hormones?
A. Hashimoto’s disease
B. Myxedema
C. Grave’s disease
D. Addison’s disease
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Grave’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to
hyperthyroidism. The immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid to
overgrow and overproduce hormones. This results in symptoms like a high heart rate, heat
intolerance, and weight loss.
6. What is the primary mechanism behind the development of edema?
A. Decreased capillary permeability
B. Increased plasma oncotic pressure
C. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D. Effective lymphatic drainage
