NUR 185 ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What are common causes of Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, hemorrhage, excess
sweating, fever, burns, diuretics, third spacing, poor intake.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, dry mucous
membranes, poor skin turgor, oliguria, weight loss, confusion.
◉ What laboratory findings indicate Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Increased Hct, increased BUN, increased serum osmolality,
increased urine specific gravity, possible hypernatremia.
◉ What are priority nursing interventions for Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Monitor vital signs, strict I&O, daily weights, assess mental
status, replace fluids, use isotonic fluids.
◉ What complications can arise from Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Hypovolemic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte
imbalance.
,◉ What is Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)?
Answer: Excess fluid in the extracellular compartment.
◉ What are common causes of Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, excess IV fluids,
high sodium intake, SIADH.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Weight gain, edema, JVD, bounding pulse, hypertension,
dyspnea, pulmonary edema.
◉ What laboratory findings indicate Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Decreased Hct, decreased BUN, decreased serum
osmolality, elevated BNP in heart failure.
◉ What are priority nursing interventions for Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Daily weights, I&O, fluid restriction, sodium restriction,
assess lungs, administer diuretics.
◉ What complications can arise from Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, worsening heart
failure.
, ◉ What is hyponatremia?
Answer: Low sodium levels in the blood, typically below 135 mEq/L.
◉ What are common causes of hyponatremia?
Answer: Diuretics, GI losses, SIADH, excess water intake,
heart/liver/kidney failure.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?
Answer: Headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle cramps, nausea,
seizures, coma.
◉ What nursing care is needed for hyponatremia?
Answer: Neuro checks, seizure precautions, restrict water, replace
sodium slowly.
◉ What is hypernatremia?
Answer: High sodium levels in the blood, typically above 145 mEq/L.
◉ What are common causes of hypernatremia?
Answer: Water loss, diabetes insipidus, fever, dehydration, excess
sodium intake.
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What are common causes of Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, hemorrhage, excess
sweating, fever, burns, diuretics, third spacing, poor intake.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Tachycardia, weak pulse, hypotension, dry mucous
membranes, poor skin turgor, oliguria, weight loss, confusion.
◉ What laboratory findings indicate Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Increased Hct, increased BUN, increased serum osmolality,
increased urine specific gravity, possible hypernatremia.
◉ What are priority nursing interventions for Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Monitor vital signs, strict I&O, daily weights, assess mental
status, replace fluids, use isotonic fluids.
◉ What complications can arise from Fluid Volume Deficit?
Answer: Hypovolemic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte
imbalance.
,◉ What is Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)?
Answer: Excess fluid in the extracellular compartment.
◉ What are common causes of Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, excess IV fluids,
high sodium intake, SIADH.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Weight gain, edema, JVD, bounding pulse, hypertension,
dyspnea, pulmonary edema.
◉ What laboratory findings indicate Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Decreased Hct, decreased BUN, decreased serum
osmolality, elevated BNP in heart failure.
◉ What are priority nursing interventions for Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Daily weights, I&O, fluid restriction, sodium restriction,
assess lungs, administer diuretics.
◉ What complications can arise from Fluid Volume Excess?
Answer: Respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, worsening heart
failure.
, ◉ What is hyponatremia?
Answer: Low sodium levels in the blood, typically below 135 mEq/L.
◉ What are common causes of hyponatremia?
Answer: Diuretics, GI losses, SIADH, excess water intake,
heart/liver/kidney failure.
◉ What are key signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?
Answer: Headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle cramps, nausea,
seizures, coma.
◉ What nursing care is needed for hyponatremia?
Answer: Neuro checks, seizure precautions, restrict water, replace
sodium slowly.
◉ What is hypernatremia?
Answer: High sodium levels in the blood, typically above 145 mEq/L.
◉ What are common causes of hypernatremia?
Answer: Water loss, diabetes insipidus, fever, dehydration, excess
sodium intake.
