NUR 641E STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE ADVANCED NURSING
CONTENT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by
excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic
deficiency, and other symptoms
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: a pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with an
increased production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks
the airways, pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts and vas deferens.
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: CF of the pancreas is also known as fibrocystic disease of
the pancreas.
◉ respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Answer: a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid
respiratory failure; a lung disorder characterized by increased
pulmonary resistance and caused by Cystic fibrosis (CF) which is a
surfactant deficiency.
,◉ Musculoskeletal: NSAIDS.
Answer: NSAIDS have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic
activity. The NSAID which is considered safe to use by individuals
with heart disease is naproxen.
◉ Acetaminophen.
Answer: analgesic and anti-pyretic activity, but not anti-
inflammatory activity
◉ Gout.
Answer: hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute
arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and
around the joints; treated with antigout drugs (e.g., allopurinol,
colchicine, febuxostat) and uricosuric drugs (probenecid,
sulfinpyrazone). The only drugs that directly work on the
pathophysiological causes of gout are allopurinol and febuxostat.
◉ `Gout.
Answer: Renal calculi can occur as a comorbid condition in patients
with gout.
◉ Colchicine.
,Answer: reduces the inflammatory response seen in gout, reduces
the pain in an acute gout attack, but does not stop gout from
developing into chronic gouty arthritis. Colchicine efficacy is affected
by its incidence of adverse effects.
◉ Xanthine oxidase.
Answer: Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a
type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These
enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can
further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol
treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting
this substance.
◉ Urate lowering therapy (ULT).
Answer: can initiate an acute gouty attack; concomitant colchicine,
NSAIDS or corticosteroids are used with ULT drugs to decrease the
incidence of ULT-induced acute gouty attacks.
◉ Allopurinol.
Answer: the agent of choice for individuals with gout and high
serum urate levels with underlying renal dysfunction, history of
tophaceous gout, or urinary calculi.
◉ Acute gouty attacks.
, Answer: are treated preferentially with NSAIDS e.g., indomethacin,
ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindac).
◉ NSAIDs.
Answer: can cause GI bleeding (indicated by darkening of stools and
epigastric pain); one recommendation is switch to a COX-2 inhibitor
(i.e., celecoxib).
◉ ankylosing spondylitis.
Answer: a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes
inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae; a chronic
inflammatory joint disease characterized by fusion and stiffening of
the spine and sacroiliac joints.
◉ Acetaminophen overdose.
Answer: May cause acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis,
hepatotoxicity); liver failure
◉ Osteoblasts.
Answer: bone forming cells
◉ Osteoclasts are.
Answer: cells that break down bone matrix; reabsorb bone tissue
COMPREHENSIVE ADVANCED NURSING
CONTENT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by
excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic
deficiency, and other symptoms
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: a pulmonary disorder typically seen in childhood, with an
increased production of a protein-producing thick mucus that blocks
the airways, pancreatic ducts, sweat gland ducts and vas deferens.
◉ Cystic fibrosis (CF).
Answer: CF of the pancreas is also known as fibrocystic disease of
the pancreas.
◉ respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Answer: a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid
respiratory failure; a lung disorder characterized by increased
pulmonary resistance and caused by Cystic fibrosis (CF) which is a
surfactant deficiency.
,◉ Musculoskeletal: NSAIDS.
Answer: NSAIDS have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic
activity. The NSAID which is considered safe to use by individuals
with heart disease is naproxen.
◉ Acetaminophen.
Answer: analgesic and anti-pyretic activity, but not anti-
inflammatory activity
◉ Gout.
Answer: hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute
arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and
around the joints; treated with antigout drugs (e.g., allopurinol,
colchicine, febuxostat) and uricosuric drugs (probenecid,
sulfinpyrazone). The only drugs that directly work on the
pathophysiological causes of gout are allopurinol and febuxostat.
◉ `Gout.
Answer: Renal calculi can occur as a comorbid condition in patients
with gout.
◉ Colchicine.
,Answer: reduces the inflammatory response seen in gout, reduces
the pain in an acute gout attack, but does not stop gout from
developing into chronic gouty arthritis. Colchicine efficacy is affected
by its incidence of adverse effects.
◉ Xanthine oxidase.
Answer: Xanthine oxidase is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a
type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These
enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can
further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol
treats chronic gout by decreasing uric acid production by inhibiting
this substance.
◉ Urate lowering therapy (ULT).
Answer: can initiate an acute gouty attack; concomitant colchicine,
NSAIDS or corticosteroids are used with ULT drugs to decrease the
incidence of ULT-induced acute gouty attacks.
◉ Allopurinol.
Answer: the agent of choice for individuals with gout and high
serum urate levels with underlying renal dysfunction, history of
tophaceous gout, or urinary calculi.
◉ Acute gouty attacks.
, Answer: are treated preferentially with NSAIDS e.g., indomethacin,
ibuprofen, naproxen, sulindac).
◉ NSAIDs.
Answer: can cause GI bleeding (indicated by darkening of stools and
epigastric pain); one recommendation is switch to a COX-2 inhibitor
(i.e., celecoxib).
◉ ankylosing spondylitis.
Answer: a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes
inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae; a chronic
inflammatory joint disease characterized by fusion and stiffening of
the spine and sacroiliac joints.
◉ Acetaminophen overdose.
Answer: May cause acute liver disorders (e.g., acute hepatitis,
hepatotoxicity); liver failure
◉ Osteoblasts.
Answer: bone forming cells
◉ Osteoclasts are.
Answer: cells that break down bone matrix; reabsorb bone tissue
