COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Injectables: Amylin Memetics.
Answer: Pramlintide. Side effects: Hypoglycemia when used with
insulin
◉ Injectables: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
Answer: Can cause medullary thyroid cancer
◉ Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hypoglycemia.
Answer: Insulin replacement, reverse acidosis with bicarbonate,
replace fluids/electrolytes. Hypoglycemia: IV glucose, glucagon if
glucose not available
◉ Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia State (HHS).
Answer: Occurs with type 2 diabetics during acute infection/illness.
Treatment: Correct hyperglycemia/dehydration with IV insulin,
fluids, electrolytes
◉ Iodine and Thyroid.
Answer: Low iodine decreases thyroid hormone production
,◉ Importance of Normal Thyroid Function in First Trimester of
Pregnancy.
Answer: Fetus unable to produce hormones, can lead to
neuropsychologic deficits. Requirement may increase up to 50% in
pregnant women taking thyroid supplements
◉ Fetal Thyroid Gland Full Functionality.
Answer: At 16 weeks
◉ If not treated, what does Hypothyroidism cause in an infant?.
Answer: Large protruding tongue, potbelly, and dwarfish stature
Development of nervous system, bones, and teeth impaired
◉ When should treatment be stopped? How long?.
Answer: At 3 years of age for 4 weeks, then TSH is checked
Rise indicates permanent deficiency, normalize indicates transient
deficiency
◉ How is Graves' Disease treated?.
Answer: Surgical removal, destruction of thyroid tissue, suppression
of thyroid hormone synthesis and/or beta blockers
Non-radioactive iodine can be used to distract thyroid tissue
, ◉ Thyroid Storm?.
Answer: Hyperthermia, severe tachycardia, restlessness, agitation,
tremor
Unconscious, hypotensive, heart failure
Treatment: methimazole, beta blocker, sedation, cooling,
glucocorticoids, IV fluids
◉ Levothyroxine.
Answer: T4
Long half life
Morning, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
Side effects: tachycardia, angina tremors
Drug interactions: Warfarin, H2 blockers, PPIs, etc.
◉ How is Levothyroxine dosed?.
Answer: 1.6-1.8 mcg/kg/day
Obese: ideal body weight
Underweight: actual weight
Elderly with CAD: 12.5-25 mcg
Elderly: start low, go slow
Children dosages based on age