NURS 5334 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ First-line dx therapy for glaucoma?
Answer: Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
◉ Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma?
Answer: Cholinergic agonists
◉ How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH
◉ How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH and increasing
outflow
◉ How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by increasing AH outflow
,◉ Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma
Answer: Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
◉ Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients?
Answer: Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
◉ What are the prostaglandin drugs?
Answer: Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
◉ 2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma?
Answer: Apraclonidine: for short-term therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
,◉ How does Pilocarpine work?
Answer: Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
◉ Pilocarpine used for?
Answer: Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
◉ How does Echothiophate work?
Answer: Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
◉ How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work?
Answer: reduces IOP by decreasing production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
, ◉ Cycloplegics do what?
Answer: Paralyze ciliary muscles
◉ Mydriatics do what?
Answer: Dilate the pupil
◉ Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses
Answer: Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
◉ Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis)
Answer: Prevent release of inflammatory mediators
◉ NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for?
Answer: Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
◉ Ocular Decongestants MOA
Answer: Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-adrenergic
receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long
term use)
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS
◉ First-line dx therapy for glaucoma?
Answer: Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
◉ Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma?
Answer: Cholinergic agonists
◉ How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH
◉ How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by reducing production of AH and increasing
outflow
◉ How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma?
Answer: Reduce IOP by increasing AH outflow
,◉ Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma
Answer: Betaxolol
Carteolol
Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
◉ Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients?
Answer: Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
◉ What are the prostaglandin drugs?
Answer: Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
◉ 2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma?
Answer: Apraclonidine: for short-term therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
,◉ How does Pilocarpine work?
Answer: Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
◉ Pilocarpine used for?
Answer: Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
◉ How does Echothiophate work?
Answer: Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
◉ How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work?
Answer: reduces IOP by decreasing production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
, ◉ Cycloplegics do what?
Answer: Paralyze ciliary muscles
◉ Mydriatics do what?
Answer: Dilate the pupil
◉ Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses
Answer: Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
◉ Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis)
Answer: Prevent release of inflammatory mediators
◉ NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for?
Answer: Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
◉ Ocular Decongestants MOA
Answer: Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-adrenergic
receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long
term use)
