Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) Vs. Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Exam with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers
What is acute respiratory failure (ARF)? ✔Correct Answer-- occurs when oxygenation,
ventilation, or both are inadequate
- A condition, NOT a disease
- result of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems
- Results from inadequate gas exchange
- Insufficient O2 transferred to the blood
- Inadequate CO2 removal
What is a conditions that interfere w/ adequate O2 transfer? ✔Correct Answer-Hypoxemia
- causes a decrease in arterial O2 & saturation to less than the norm values
Insufficent CO2 removal results in what? ✔Correct Answer-Hypercapnia
- which cause an increase in arterial CO2
What are ABGs used for? ✔Correct Answer-to assess changes in pH, PaO2, PaCO2,
bicarbonate, and SaO2
ARF is classified as what? ✔Correct Answer-- Either Hypoxemic or hypercapnic
What is Hypoxemic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- also referred to as oxygenation
failure
- is PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg when the pt is receiving an inspired O2 concentration of 60% or
more
- Main prob is inadequate exchange of O2 between the alveoli & pulmonary capillaries
What is Hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- also known as ventilatory failure
- is a PaCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg w/ acidemia (pH less than 7.35)
- The main prob is insufficient CO2 removal
How does pain cause V/Q mismatch? ✔Correct Answer-- Pain interferes w/ chest and abd wall
movement & increases muscle tension
- Pt is often unwilling to take a big, deep breaths which can contribute to the development of
atelectasis
What can cause Hypoxemic respiratory failure ? ✔Correct Answer-- shut
- Anatomic shunt
- Intrapulmonary shunt
, - Diffusion limitation
- Severe emphysema
- Recurrent pulmonary emboli
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- ARDS
-Interstitial lung disease
- Hypoxemic present during exercise
What is a shunt? ✔Correct Answer-- occurs when blood exits the heart w/o having taken part
in gas exchange
- is an extreme V/Q mismatch
What are the 2 types of shunt? ✔Correct Answer-- Anatomic shunt: occurs when blood
passes through an anatomic channel in the heart (ventricular septal defect) & bypasses the
lungs
- Intrapulmonary shunt: occurs when blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries w/o taking
part in gas exchange. Ex: pneumonia
Can hypoxemic respiratory failure have interrelationship of mechanisms? ✔Correct Answer--
Yes
it can have combination of 2 or more physiologic mechanisms
What is the pathophysiology of hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- the
respirtory system cannot keep CO2 levels maintained w/in norm limits
- occurs form an increase in CO2 production or decrease in alveolar ventilation
- can be acute or chronic
What can cause hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- CNS problems
- Neuromuscular conditions
- chest wall abnormalities
- probs affecting the airways &/or alveoli
What are common diagnostic studies used to evaluate ARF? ✔Correct Answer-- Chest x-ray &
ABG analysis
Others include: CBC serum electroyltes, UA, and 12 lead ECG, Blood sputum/Cultures, CT scan
of the lungs
What are clinical manifestations of respiratory failure (ARF)? ✔Correct Answer-- sudden or
gradual onset
- Sudden decrease in PaO2 or a rapid increase in PaCO2 indicates a serious condition
- severe morning headache
What are early signs of respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- tachycardia
- tachypnea
Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Exam with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers
What is acute respiratory failure (ARF)? ✔Correct Answer-- occurs when oxygenation,
ventilation, or both are inadequate
- A condition, NOT a disease
- result of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems
- Results from inadequate gas exchange
- Insufficient O2 transferred to the blood
- Inadequate CO2 removal
What is a conditions that interfere w/ adequate O2 transfer? ✔Correct Answer-Hypoxemia
- causes a decrease in arterial O2 & saturation to less than the norm values
Insufficent CO2 removal results in what? ✔Correct Answer-Hypercapnia
- which cause an increase in arterial CO2
What are ABGs used for? ✔Correct Answer-to assess changes in pH, PaO2, PaCO2,
bicarbonate, and SaO2
ARF is classified as what? ✔Correct Answer-- Either Hypoxemic or hypercapnic
What is Hypoxemic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- also referred to as oxygenation
failure
- is PaO2 less than 60 mm Hg when the pt is receiving an inspired O2 concentration of 60% or
more
- Main prob is inadequate exchange of O2 between the alveoli & pulmonary capillaries
What is Hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- also known as ventilatory failure
- is a PaCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg w/ acidemia (pH less than 7.35)
- The main prob is insufficient CO2 removal
How does pain cause V/Q mismatch? ✔Correct Answer-- Pain interferes w/ chest and abd wall
movement & increases muscle tension
- Pt is often unwilling to take a big, deep breaths which can contribute to the development of
atelectasis
What can cause Hypoxemic respiratory failure ? ✔Correct Answer-- shut
- Anatomic shunt
- Intrapulmonary shunt
, - Diffusion limitation
- Severe emphysema
- Recurrent pulmonary emboli
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- ARDS
-Interstitial lung disease
- Hypoxemic present during exercise
What is a shunt? ✔Correct Answer-- occurs when blood exits the heart w/o having taken part
in gas exchange
- is an extreme V/Q mismatch
What are the 2 types of shunt? ✔Correct Answer-- Anatomic shunt: occurs when blood
passes through an anatomic channel in the heart (ventricular septal defect) & bypasses the
lungs
- Intrapulmonary shunt: occurs when blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries w/o taking
part in gas exchange. Ex: pneumonia
Can hypoxemic respiratory failure have interrelationship of mechanisms? ✔Correct Answer--
Yes
it can have combination of 2 or more physiologic mechanisms
What is the pathophysiology of hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- the
respirtory system cannot keep CO2 levels maintained w/in norm limits
- occurs form an increase in CO2 production or decrease in alveolar ventilation
- can be acute or chronic
What can cause hypercapnic respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- CNS problems
- Neuromuscular conditions
- chest wall abnormalities
- probs affecting the airways &/or alveoli
What are common diagnostic studies used to evaluate ARF? ✔Correct Answer-- Chest x-ray &
ABG analysis
Others include: CBC serum electroyltes, UA, and 12 lead ECG, Blood sputum/Cultures, CT scan
of the lungs
What are clinical manifestations of respiratory failure (ARF)? ✔Correct Answer-- sudden or
gradual onset
- Sudden decrease in PaO2 or a rapid increase in PaCO2 indicates a serious condition
- severe morning headache
What are early signs of respiratory failure? ✔Correct Answer-- tachycardia
- tachypnea
