PHI 240 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | ALL CORRECT
According to contractarianism, actions are morally right if and only if __________. -
Answer- they are permitted by rules that free, equal and rational people would agree to
live by
Unlike the categorical imperative, social contract theory holds that morality is dependent
upon the whims of the people, which makes it __________ to the culture in nature. -
Answer- relative
The prisoner's dilemma is a situation in which __________. - Answer- all people benefit
if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests
According to contractarianism, breaking the law is justified __________. - Answer-
Whenever a law is grossly unjust
The founder of modern contractarianism was __________. - Answer- Thomas Hobbes
For Hobbes, a well-ordered society is one in which __________. - Answer- there are
reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules
__________ implies that we are socially constructed products of our environment. -
Answer- enculturation
According to Aristotle, the ultimate good is __________. - Answer- eudaimonia
The thinker who most radically challenged traditional moral thinking and placed human
development at the center of a value creating system of thought was __________. -
Answer- Nietzsche
Aristotle's greatest philosophical work is his __________ in which he discusses his
theory of the virtues. - Answer- Nicomachean ethics
Aristotle believed that virtue __________. - Answer- must be acquired through training
Aristotle claims that all virtues are midpoints between __________, "the means by
reference to two vices: the one of excess and the other of deficiency." - Answer-
extremes
, In the West, virtue ethics traces its origins back to __________. - Answer- Aristotle
Aristotle clearly shows the teleological basis of his ethical theory. A telos is the
__________ of a thing. - Answer- purpose
Nietzsche's philosophical framework consists primarily of ________key features. -
Answer- four
The claim that morality is a human invention and therefore not objective is a claim about
__________. - Answer- meta-ethics
Moral nihilists believe that __________. - Answer- there are no moral truths
The area of moral philosophy known as "value theory" includes questions such as
__________. - Answer- What kind of life is most worth living?
If subjectivism does not generate contradictions, the moral disagreement __________. -
Answer- is impossible
Moral theorizing essentially involves __________. - Answer- .
trying to come up with general moral principles that apply to many difficult cases
__________ refers to the claims based upon one's own personal prefrences - Answer-
Subjective
A moral agent is __________ - Answer- anyone who is capable of controlling his or her
behavior through moral reasoning
According to ethical subjectivism, whether an act is right or wrong is determined by
__________. - Answer- oneself
Someone is definitely a cultural relativist if he or she believes that __________. -
Answer- the guiding ideals of society determine what is right or wrong
The question, "Do the ends justify the means," falls within the area of __________. -
Answer- normative ethics
Something is __________ if it reflects person's values and/or those of society. -
Answer- moral
Skepticism about morality is __________. - Answer- deeply controversial
Moral and legal responsibility require a sufficient degree of __________. - Answer-
freedom
ANSWERS | ALL CORRECT
According to contractarianism, actions are morally right if and only if __________. -
Answer- they are permitted by rules that free, equal and rational people would agree to
live by
Unlike the categorical imperative, social contract theory holds that morality is dependent
upon the whims of the people, which makes it __________ to the culture in nature. -
Answer- relative
The prisoner's dilemma is a situation in which __________. - Answer- all people benefit
if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests
According to contractarianism, breaking the law is justified __________. - Answer-
Whenever a law is grossly unjust
The founder of modern contractarianism was __________. - Answer- Thomas Hobbes
For Hobbes, a well-ordered society is one in which __________. - Answer- there are
reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules
__________ implies that we are socially constructed products of our environment. -
Answer- enculturation
According to Aristotle, the ultimate good is __________. - Answer- eudaimonia
The thinker who most radically challenged traditional moral thinking and placed human
development at the center of a value creating system of thought was __________. -
Answer- Nietzsche
Aristotle's greatest philosophical work is his __________ in which he discusses his
theory of the virtues. - Answer- Nicomachean ethics
Aristotle believed that virtue __________. - Answer- must be acquired through training
Aristotle claims that all virtues are midpoints between __________, "the means by
reference to two vices: the one of excess and the other of deficiency." - Answer-
extremes
, In the West, virtue ethics traces its origins back to __________. - Answer- Aristotle
Aristotle clearly shows the teleological basis of his ethical theory. A telos is the
__________ of a thing. - Answer- purpose
Nietzsche's philosophical framework consists primarily of ________key features. -
Answer- four
The claim that morality is a human invention and therefore not objective is a claim about
__________. - Answer- meta-ethics
Moral nihilists believe that __________. - Answer- there are no moral truths
The area of moral philosophy known as "value theory" includes questions such as
__________. - Answer- What kind of life is most worth living?
If subjectivism does not generate contradictions, the moral disagreement __________. -
Answer- is impossible
Moral theorizing essentially involves __________. - Answer- .
trying to come up with general moral principles that apply to many difficult cases
__________ refers to the claims based upon one's own personal prefrences - Answer-
Subjective
A moral agent is __________ - Answer- anyone who is capable of controlling his or her
behavior through moral reasoning
According to ethical subjectivism, whether an act is right or wrong is determined by
__________. - Answer- oneself
Someone is definitely a cultural relativist if he or she believes that __________. -
Answer- the guiding ideals of society determine what is right or wrong
The question, "Do the ends justify the means," falls within the area of __________. -
Answer- normative ethics
Something is __________ if it reflects person's values and/or those of society. -
Answer- moral
Skepticism about morality is __________. - Answer- deeply controversial
Moral and legal responsibility require a sufficient degree of __________. - Answer-
freedom
