ANSC 221 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
lips - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting
food, swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅swallowing
teeth carnivore - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tearing
teeth omnivore - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can chew food
teeth pig - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is buffered in
part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to
stomach by muscular contraction called peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
,-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅storage
chemical digestion
pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and
small intestine
non-ruminant stomach-regions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absorption
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅food that was not absorbed
colon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅storage
absorption of water
, cecum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅produces bile
bile - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅emulsifies fat
gall bladder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅stores bile
rumen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅true stomach
lips - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-most important for animals without hands, prehension (horse), sifting
food, swallowing;
-least important to chicken (no lips, beak)
lips of pigs immobile, used for protection
teeth - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mastication, particle size reduction
-chewing important for ruminant animals-more they chew, more HCO3 produced, affects rumen
fermentation
tongue - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅swallowing
teeth carnivore - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tearing
teeth omnivore - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can chew food
teeth pig - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cheek teeth w cone shaped or rounded cups for crushing food
herbivore teeth - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅only front teeth on bottom and pad on top
saliva - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅beginning of digestion for non-ruminant animals
-Mucous: to moisten food and stick it together, lubricate for swallowing
-Amylase (pytalin in humans): digest carbohydrates
-Bicarbonate in ruminants: produce large amounts of acid in rumen via fermentation, acid is buffered in
part from bicarbonate from saliva
esophagus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-connects mouth with stomach, food is moved from mouth to
stomach by muscular contraction called peristalsis
-reverse-peristalsis= vomiting, direction of contractions is reversed
,-segmentation: occurs in small intestine; contraction, churning and mixing of food
stomach - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅storage
chemical digestion
pyloric sphincter - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅controls movement of gastric contents between stomach and
small intestine
non-ruminant stomach-regions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅4 regions
esophageal
cardiac
fundin
pyloric
proventriculous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅follows crop, ahead of gizzard
stomach like a mammal
avian
duodenum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅closest to stomach, most active digestion
jejunum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absorption
ileum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅absorb B12, anything that wasn't absorbed
large intestine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅food that was not absorbed
colon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅storage
absorption of water
, cecum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅bind pouch at junction of small and large intestine
non ruminant herbivores (horses, rabbits)
provides post-abortive fermentation vat
digests cellulose, does not provide protein, results in VFAs
liver - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅produces bile
bile - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅emulsifies fat
gall bladder - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅stores bile
rumen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅big fermentation vat
papilla
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
remodel proteins, manufacture essential amino acids
utilize NPN
manufacture B vitamins
reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hardware stomach
honeycomb
no real wall between rumen and reticulum
regurgitation
omasum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅many piles
filter of larger particles
abomasum - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅true stomach
