NSG 3100 — FUNDAMENTALS OF
NURSING Actual Exam 2026/2027
Complete Questions and Answers | 100%
Verified Detailed Rationales - Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Foundations of Nursing Practice | Q1 – Q10
Section 2 | Health Assessment and Vital Signs | Q11 – Q20
Section 3 | Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene | Q21 – Q30
Section 4 | Mobility, Immobility, and Skin Integrity | Q31 – Q40
Section 5 | Nursing Process, Documentation, and Ethics | Q41 – Q50
══════════════════════════════════════
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE Q1 – Q10
══════════════════════════════════════
Question 1 of 50
A 22-year-old nursing student is preparing to administer morning medications on a busy
medical-surgical unit. She checks the patient's armband, verifies the medication name
and dose against the MAR, and asks the patient to state his full name and date of birth.
Which fundamental principle of nursing is she demonstrating?
A. Delegation of appropriate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel
B. Implementation of the five rights of medication administration
C. Application of evidence-based practice in clinical decision-making
D. Advocacy for patient autonomy and informed consent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The student is performing the core safety checks of the five rights—right
patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time—which form the foundation of
,safe medication administration in nursing practice. While patient identification supports
autonomy, the specific actions described are procedural safety checks rather than
advocacy or evidence-based practice. Every nurse must perform these rights
consistently, yet medication errors remain a leading cause of patient harm, making this
fundamental skill critical.
Question 2 of 50
A 45-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for the first time in his life. He tells the
nurse he is nervous about being away from his family and worried about the cost of his
stay. Which nursing response best demonstrates therapeutic communication?
A. "Don't worry, your insurance will cover everything and you'll be home soon"
B. "It sounds like you're feeling anxious about being here and concerned about finances"
C. "Everyone feels nervous their first time in the hospital, it's completely normal"
D. "Let's focus on your medical treatment and not worry about money right now"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restating the patient's expressed concerns validates his feelings,
demonstrates active listening, and opens the door for further exploration without
minimizing or redirecting his worries. Telling him not to worry or that his feelings are
normal dismisses his individual experience and blocks therapeutic dialogue. Financial
concerns are a significant source of health-related stress, and acknowledging them
builds trust rather than shutting down communication.
Question 3 of 50
A 68-year-old woman with diabetes is being discharged home after a 5-day
hospitalization for pneumonia. The nurse is providing discharge teaching about her new
insulin regimen. Which action by the nurse best promotes patient understanding and
adherence?
,A. Handing the patient a printed pamphlet about insulin administration
B. Asking the patient to demonstrate insulin drawing and injection technique
C. Telling the patient to call the office if she has any questions at home
D. Providing a video link for the patient to watch when she gets home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The teach-back method, where patients demonstrate skills rather than simply
stating they understand, is the most effective way to verify comprehension and identify
knowledge gaps before discharge. Printed materials and videos are useful supplements
but do not confirm that the patient can safely perform the skill independently. Relying on
the patient to initiate follow-up calls places the burden on her and may result in
preventable errors.
Question 4 of 50
A 34-year-old nurse on a postoperative unit is caring for a patient who had abdominal
surgery 2 days ago. The patient reports pain rated 8/10 and has not ambulated since
surgery. The nurse's assessment reveals decreased breath sounds in the bases and
mild abdominal distension. Which priority nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to shallow breathing and immobility
B. Acute pain related to surgical incision and tissue trauma
C. Risk for infection related to surgical wound and hospitalization
D. Constipation related to opioid use and decreased mobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased breath sounds in a postoperative patient who has not ambulated
strongly suggests atelectasis, which threatens oxygenation and can progress to
pneumonia, making impaired gas exchange the highest priority diagnosis according to
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. While pain is significant, it does not directly threaten
physiologic stability like compromised ventilation. Constipation and infection risk are
important but secondary to immediate respiratory compromise in this scenario.
, Question 5 of 50
A 52-year-old man with end-stage liver disease is receiving hospice care at home. His
wife asks the hospice nurse if she should continue giving him his multivitamins and
herbal supplements. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "Continue everything he's been taking to maintain his nutritional status"
B. "Stop all supplements and focus only on comfort measures from this point forward"
C. "Let's review each supplement together and decide what aligns with his comfort
goals"
D. "You should ask his physician about that, I don't make those decisions"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hospice care focuses on patient comfort and quality of life, so the nurse
should collaborate with the family to evaluate whether each supplement supports those
goals or creates unnecessary burden, rather than making an arbitrary decision to
continue or stop everything. Simply deferring to the physician avoids the nurse's role in
patient education and shared decision-making. Some supplements may cause
discomfort or interact with comfort medications, while others may provide meaningful
relief.
Question 6 of 50
A 29-year-old woman in her third trimester of pregnancy is admitted for observation
after a minor motor vehicle accident. She tells the nurse she has been researching
natural childbirth and wants to avoid all medications during labor. Which nursing
response demonstrates respect for patient autonomy?
A. "That's an admirable goal, let's discuss your birth plan and what options are available"
B. "You may change your mind when you're actually in labor, the pain is intense"
C. "Hospital policy requires certain medications during delivery for safety"
D. "Natural childbirth is dangerous for the baby, you should reconsider"
NURSING Actual Exam 2026/2027
Complete Questions and Answers | 100%
Verified Detailed Rationales - Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Foundations of Nursing Practice | Q1 – Q10
Section 2 | Health Assessment and Vital Signs | Q11 – Q20
Section 3 | Safety, Infection Control, and Hygiene | Q21 – Q30
Section 4 | Mobility, Immobility, and Skin Integrity | Q31 – Q40
Section 5 | Nursing Process, Documentation, and Ethics | Q41 – Q50
══════════════════════════════════════
SECTION 1: FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE Q1 – Q10
══════════════════════════════════════
Question 1 of 50
A 22-year-old nursing student is preparing to administer morning medications on a busy
medical-surgical unit. She checks the patient's armband, verifies the medication name
and dose against the MAR, and asks the patient to state his full name and date of birth.
Which fundamental principle of nursing is she demonstrating?
A. Delegation of appropriate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel
B. Implementation of the five rights of medication administration
C. Application of evidence-based practice in clinical decision-making
D. Advocacy for patient autonomy and informed consent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The student is performing the core safety checks of the five rights—right
patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time—which form the foundation of
,safe medication administration in nursing practice. While patient identification supports
autonomy, the specific actions described are procedural safety checks rather than
advocacy or evidence-based practice. Every nurse must perform these rights
consistently, yet medication errors remain a leading cause of patient harm, making this
fundamental skill critical.
Question 2 of 50
A 45-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for the first time in his life. He tells the
nurse he is nervous about being away from his family and worried about the cost of his
stay. Which nursing response best demonstrates therapeutic communication?
A. "Don't worry, your insurance will cover everything and you'll be home soon"
B. "It sounds like you're feeling anxious about being here and concerned about finances"
C. "Everyone feels nervous their first time in the hospital, it's completely normal"
D. "Let's focus on your medical treatment and not worry about money right now"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Restating the patient's expressed concerns validates his feelings,
demonstrates active listening, and opens the door for further exploration without
minimizing or redirecting his worries. Telling him not to worry or that his feelings are
normal dismisses his individual experience and blocks therapeutic dialogue. Financial
concerns are a significant source of health-related stress, and acknowledging them
builds trust rather than shutting down communication.
Question 3 of 50
A 68-year-old woman with diabetes is being discharged home after a 5-day
hospitalization for pneumonia. The nurse is providing discharge teaching about her new
insulin regimen. Which action by the nurse best promotes patient understanding and
adherence?
,A. Handing the patient a printed pamphlet about insulin administration
B. Asking the patient to demonstrate insulin drawing and injection technique
C. Telling the patient to call the office if she has any questions at home
D. Providing a video link for the patient to watch when she gets home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The teach-back method, where patients demonstrate skills rather than simply
stating they understand, is the most effective way to verify comprehension and identify
knowledge gaps before discharge. Printed materials and videos are useful supplements
but do not confirm that the patient can safely perform the skill independently. Relying on
the patient to initiate follow-up calls places the burden on her and may result in
preventable errors.
Question 4 of 50
A 34-year-old nurse on a postoperative unit is caring for a patient who had abdominal
surgery 2 days ago. The patient reports pain rated 8/10 and has not ambulated since
surgery. The nurse's assessment reveals decreased breath sounds in the bases and
mild abdominal distension. Which priority nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to shallow breathing and immobility
B. Acute pain related to surgical incision and tissue trauma
C. Risk for infection related to surgical wound and hospitalization
D. Constipation related to opioid use and decreased mobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased breath sounds in a postoperative patient who has not ambulated
strongly suggests atelectasis, which threatens oxygenation and can progress to
pneumonia, making impaired gas exchange the highest priority diagnosis according to
Maslow's hierarchy of needs. While pain is significant, it does not directly threaten
physiologic stability like compromised ventilation. Constipation and infection risk are
important but secondary to immediate respiratory compromise in this scenario.
, Question 5 of 50
A 52-year-old man with end-stage liver disease is receiving hospice care at home. His
wife asks the hospice nurse if she should continue giving him his multivitamins and
herbal supplements. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "Continue everything he's been taking to maintain his nutritional status"
B. "Stop all supplements and focus only on comfort measures from this point forward"
C. "Let's review each supplement together and decide what aligns with his comfort
goals"
D. "You should ask his physician about that, I don't make those decisions"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hospice care focuses on patient comfort and quality of life, so the nurse
should collaborate with the family to evaluate whether each supplement supports those
goals or creates unnecessary burden, rather than making an arbitrary decision to
continue or stop everything. Simply deferring to the physician avoids the nurse's role in
patient education and shared decision-making. Some supplements may cause
discomfort or interact with comfort medications, while others may provide meaningful
relief.
Question 6 of 50
A 29-year-old woman in her third trimester of pregnancy is admitted for observation
after a minor motor vehicle accident. She tells the nurse she has been researching
natural childbirth and wants to avoid all medications during labor. Which nursing
response demonstrates respect for patient autonomy?
A. "That's an admirable goal, let's discuss your birth plan and what options are available"
B. "You may change your mind when you're actually in labor, the pain is intense"
C. "Hospital policy requires certain medications during delivery for safety"
D. "Natural childbirth is dangerous for the baby, you should reconsider"
