D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare Leaders || Get it Correct.
ANOVA test correct answers Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in research studies
where there are two or more groups to compare.
Chi-square tests correct answers Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between two
categorical variables.
Control group correct answers In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not
receive the treatment that is being studied.
Experimental group correct answers This group of patients receives the treatment being studied
with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the treatment.
F-test correct answers The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The
ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1.
Frequency correct answers Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the
importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a study.
Hypothesis correct answers A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a prediction.
Through investigation and the use of statistical data, those doing the study will either confirm or
reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis will show if there is a link (or not) between two or
more variables.
Integrity correct answers Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type of
method used. Research assumptions must be identified to determine possible breaches of
integrity.
Interval data correct answers Interval data includes units of equal size, such as IQ results. There
is no zero point. An example of interval scale is time: Time is measured in 24 hours in each day;
the time between each hour is the same, 60 minutes.
,Mean correct answers Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all scores by the total
number of scores.
Median correct answers Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values, or the point above
or below which 50 percent of the values fall.
Methods section components correct answers When analyzing the quality of a study, a careful
evaluation of the research methods can reveal critical details about population and sample,
covariables and hypothesis, data presentation, statistical analysis, and study limitations.
Misleading statistics correct answers Interpreting and presenting the results of data analysis
affords many opportunities for accidental or deliberate misrepresentations of data. Common
examples include implying causation, extrapolating beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or
incomplete sample, and using inappropriate graphical representations.
Mode correct answers Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data.
Multivariate regression analyses correct answers Multivariate regression analyses can be used to
analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model contrasts each measured factor to the patient's risk
of a particular outcome.
Nominal data correct answers Nominal data can be measured as a frequency or percentage, and
the mean of these data cannot be calculated. Nominal data in healthcare might include
demographic information about patients. The word nominal means "pertaining to a name."
Ordinal data correct answers Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and the mean of
ordinal data is often calculated. Ordinal data in healthcare might include patient satisfaction
surveys using a Likert scale. The word ordinal means to "put in order."
Parametric and nonparametric tests correct answers Parametric tests are based on probability
distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are not normally distributed.
, Pearson's correlation correct answers Pearson's correlation is used with interval and ordinal scale
data and determines the extent to which a change in one variable tends to be associated with a
change in another.
Qualitative research methods correct answers Qualitative research is aimed at understanding
perceptions, perspectives, interpretations, and opinions. Qualitative research methods often
include questionnaires, interviews, written documents, observations, and focus groups.
Ratio data correct answers Divide one quantity by another, and you have a value. You will have a
proportion, a percentage or a rate.
Reliability, validity, and analysis of questionnaires correct answers Questionnaires can be
evaluated for reliability based on their consistency (stability) or repeatability over time;
questionnaires are valid if they measure or record what they purport to measure. Data from
questionnaires may then be grouped according to nominal, ordinal, or interval or ratio data.
Research correct answers Research can inform decisions regarding the development and efficacy
of new processes, systems, technologies, environments, and organizational structures to support
operations.
Research platform correct answers Research is built on a platform of previous knowledge, the
scientific method.
Risk adjustment correct answers Risk adjustment is essential for comparing data across systems,
especially among patients with varying comorbid diseases and complex treatment modalities.
Multivariate regression analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model
looks at each measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Risk of error and harm correct answers Studies should include an analysis of any sources of error
as well as a thorough explanation of the consequences associated with a particular study
treatment.
ANOVA test correct answers Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in research studies
where there are two or more groups to compare.
Chi-square tests correct answers Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between two
categorical variables.
Control group correct answers In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not
receive the treatment that is being studied.
Experimental group correct answers This group of patients receives the treatment being studied
with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the treatment.
F-test correct answers The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The
ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1.
Frequency correct answers Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the
importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a study.
Hypothesis correct answers A proposed explanation for an observation that leads to a prediction.
Through investigation and the use of statistical data, those doing the study will either confirm or
reject the hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis will show if there is a link (or not) between two or
more variables.
Integrity correct answers Research always makes some assumptions, depending on the type of
method used. Research assumptions must be identified to determine possible breaches of
integrity.
Interval data correct answers Interval data includes units of equal size, such as IQ results. There
is no zero point. An example of interval scale is time: Time is measured in 24 hours in each day;
the time between each hour is the same, 60 minutes.
,Mean correct answers Mean is the arithmetic average. Divide the sum of all scores by the total
number of scores.
Median correct answers Median is the midpoint of the distribution of values, or the point above
or below which 50 percent of the values fall.
Methods section components correct answers When analyzing the quality of a study, a careful
evaluation of the research methods can reveal critical details about population and sample,
covariables and hypothesis, data presentation, statistical analysis, and study limitations.
Misleading statistics correct answers Interpreting and presenting the results of data analysis
affords many opportunities for accidental or deliberate misrepresentations of data. Common
examples include implying causation, extrapolating beyond the reasonable, relying on a biased or
incomplete sample, and using inappropriate graphical representations.
Mode correct answers Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in the data.
Multivariate regression analyses correct answers Multivariate regression analyses can be used to
analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model contrasts each measured factor to the patient's risk
of a particular outcome.
Nominal data correct answers Nominal data can be measured as a frequency or percentage, and
the mean of these data cannot be calculated. Nominal data in healthcare might include
demographic information about patients. The word nominal means "pertaining to a name."
Ordinal data correct answers Ordinal data can be measured as a frequency, and the mean of
ordinal data is often calculated. Ordinal data in healthcare might include patient satisfaction
surveys using a Likert scale. The word ordinal means to "put in order."
Parametric and nonparametric tests correct answers Parametric tests are based on probability
distributions. Nonparametric tests are used when data are not normally distributed.
, Pearson's correlation correct answers Pearson's correlation is used with interval and ordinal scale
data and determines the extent to which a change in one variable tends to be associated with a
change in another.
Qualitative research methods correct answers Qualitative research is aimed at understanding
perceptions, perspectives, interpretations, and opinions. Qualitative research methods often
include questionnaires, interviews, written documents, observations, and focus groups.
Ratio data correct answers Divide one quantity by another, and you have a value. You will have a
proportion, a percentage or a rate.
Reliability, validity, and analysis of questionnaires correct answers Questionnaires can be
evaluated for reliability based on their consistency (stability) or repeatability over time;
questionnaires are valid if they measure or record what they purport to measure. Data from
questionnaires may then be grouped according to nominal, ordinal, or interval or ratio data.
Research correct answers Research can inform decisions regarding the development and efficacy
of new processes, systems, technologies, environments, and organizational structures to support
operations.
Research platform correct answers Research is built on a platform of previous knowledge, the
scientific method.
Risk adjustment correct answers Risk adjustment is essential for comparing data across systems,
especially among patients with varying comorbid diseases and complex treatment modalities.
Multivariate regression analyses can be used to analyze and adjust risk. This analysis model
looks at each measured factor to the patient's risk of a particular outcome.
Risk of error and harm correct answers Studies should include an analysis of any sources of error
as well as a thorough explanation of the consequences associated with a particular study
treatment.
