NUR 256 Exam 4 | Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1, Type 2, DKA,
HHS), Dermatologic Conditions (Pressure Injuries, Psoriasis,
Skin Cancer, Infections), Eye Disorders (Glaucoma,
Cataracts, Retinal Detachment, AMD), Ear Disorders
(Hearing Loss, Otitis Media, Ménière's Disease) |
Comprehensive Study Guide
Latest 2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct Verified Answers | Grade A Guaranteed – Nursing Program
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical Nursing / NUR 256 Exam 4 Diabetes Mellitus, DKA, HHS, Skin
Endocrine / Dermatology / Disorders, Eye Disorders, Ear
Ophthalmology / Otolaryngology Disorders
Question 1
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
CORRECT ANSWER
A group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion,
insulin action, or both.
RATIONALE
• Chronic hyperglycemia leads to long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs.
• Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
• Type 2: insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency.
, Question 2
What are the 3 Ps of diabetes symptoms?
CORRECT ANSWER
Polyphagia (excessive hunger), polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst)
RATIONALE
• Polyuria results from osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia.
• Polydipsia is compensatory thirst response to fluid loss.
• Polyphagia occurs because cells cannot utilize glucose despite high blood sugar.
Question 3
What is the diagnostic criterion for Hemoglobin A1C in diabetes?
CORRECT ANSWER
A1C >6.5% indicates diabetes; goal is <6.5% to reduce microvascular complications.
RATIONALE
• HbA1C reflects average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
• Each 1% reduction in A1C lowers risk of microvascular complications by 40%.
• Testing should be performed at least twice yearly in stable patients.
HHS), Dermatologic Conditions (Pressure Injuries, Psoriasis,
Skin Cancer, Infections), Eye Disorders (Glaucoma,
Cataracts, Retinal Detachment, AMD), Ear Disorders
(Hearing Loss, Otitis Media, Ménière's Disease) |
Comprehensive Study Guide
Latest 2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct Verified Answers | Grade A Guaranteed – Nursing Program
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical Nursing / NUR 256 Exam 4 Diabetes Mellitus, DKA, HHS, Skin
Endocrine / Dermatology / Disorders, Eye Disorders, Ear
Ophthalmology / Otolaryngology Disorders
Question 1
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
CORRECT ANSWER
A group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion,
insulin action, or both.
RATIONALE
• Chronic hyperglycemia leads to long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs.
• Type 1: autoimmune destruction of beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
• Type 2: insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency.
, Question 2
What are the 3 Ps of diabetes symptoms?
CORRECT ANSWER
Polyphagia (excessive hunger), polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst)
RATIONALE
• Polyuria results from osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia.
• Polydipsia is compensatory thirst response to fluid loss.
• Polyphagia occurs because cells cannot utilize glucose despite high blood sugar.
Question 3
What is the diagnostic criterion for Hemoglobin A1C in diabetes?
CORRECT ANSWER
A1C >6.5% indicates diabetes; goal is <6.5% to reduce microvascular complications.
RATIONALE
• HbA1C reflects average blood glucose over the past 2-3 months.
• Each 1% reduction in A1C lowers risk of microvascular complications by 40%.
• Testing should be performed at least twice yearly in stable patients.
