1 | Page
BIO 1108 EXAM SET 1 3 HERRICK NEWEST
2026 2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS BRAND NEW VERSION EXAM 1 HIGH
YIELD STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL UPDATED
PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXAM PREPARATION
GRADED A+ SUCCESS REVIEW
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? -
SOLUTION=genotype and environment
why is it difficult to define the word "species"? - SOLUTION=as an
evolutionary unit, species must be, by definition, fluid and capable
of changing, giving rise to new species through evolution- it is
difficult to define because IT IS DYNAMIC
the biological species concept (BSC) - SOLUTION=Ernst Mayr
(1904-2005)
"species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
populations that are reproductively isolated from other such
groups"
,2 | Page
-most widely used and accepted definition
evidence that human lineage branched off the great apes -
SOLUTION=1. comparative anatomy (physical features)
2. molecular analysis (DNA)
3. fossil record
who is our closest living relative? - SOLUTION=bonobos and
chimpanzees; DNA differ ny only 1%
hominin - SOLUTION=human/chimpanzee common ancestor
what feature did ardi (Ardipithecus ramidus) have that was
revolutionary? - SOLUTION=ardi was capable of moving upright
which was the first hominin that was discovered to be fully
bipedal? - SOLUTION=Lucy; Australopithecus afarensis
which hominin first left Africa? - SOLUTION=homo ergaster
morphospecies concept - SOLUTION=holds that members of the
same species must also look alike (size, shape, coloration);
extended to DNA
,3 | Page
limitations of BSC and morphospecies concept - SOLUTION=1.
difficult to apply in the real world
2. cannot be applied to asexual or extinct organisms
3. does not account for genetic exchange in ring species
4. does not account for hybridization of plants
ring species - SOLUTION=populations that are reproductively but
not genetically isolated
ecological niche - SOLUTION=complete description of the role
the species play in its environment; habitat requirements
-it is impossible for two species to coexist in the same location if
niches are too similar; competition can drive one to extinction
ecological species concept - SOLUTION=idea that there is a one
to one correspondence between a species and its niche
phylogenetic species concept - SOLUTION=idea that members of
the same species share a common ancestor (and common fate)
, 4 | Page
species - SOLUTION=individuals that are able to exchange
genetic material
gene pool - SOLUTION=all alleles present in individuals of that
species
populations - SOLUTION=interbreeding groups of organisms of
the same species living in the same geographical area
what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? -
SOLUTION=mutation and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? - SOLUTION=cancer,
disease and even death to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? - SOLUTION=mutations
that are passed down to offspring
recombination; name two ways it can occur - SOLUTION=new
alleles may be generated through crossing over and independent
assortment
BIO 1108 EXAM SET 1 3 HERRICK NEWEST
2026 2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
ANSWERS BRAND NEW VERSION EXAM 1 HIGH
YIELD STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL UPDATED
PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXAM PREPARATION
GRADED A+ SUCCESS REVIEW
what are two factors that contribute to phenotype? -
SOLUTION=genotype and environment
why is it difficult to define the word "species"? - SOLUTION=as an
evolutionary unit, species must be, by definition, fluid and capable
of changing, giving rise to new species through evolution- it is
difficult to define because IT IS DYNAMIC
the biological species concept (BSC) - SOLUTION=Ernst Mayr
(1904-2005)
"species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
populations that are reproductively isolated from other such
groups"
,2 | Page
-most widely used and accepted definition
evidence that human lineage branched off the great apes -
SOLUTION=1. comparative anatomy (physical features)
2. molecular analysis (DNA)
3. fossil record
who is our closest living relative? - SOLUTION=bonobos and
chimpanzees; DNA differ ny only 1%
hominin - SOLUTION=human/chimpanzee common ancestor
what feature did ardi (Ardipithecus ramidus) have that was
revolutionary? - SOLUTION=ardi was capable of moving upright
which was the first hominin that was discovered to be fully
bipedal? - SOLUTION=Lucy; Australopithecus afarensis
which hominin first left Africa? - SOLUTION=homo ergaster
morphospecies concept - SOLUTION=holds that members of the
same species must also look alike (size, shape, coloration);
extended to DNA
,3 | Page
limitations of BSC and morphospecies concept - SOLUTION=1.
difficult to apply in the real world
2. cannot be applied to asexual or extinct organisms
3. does not account for genetic exchange in ring species
4. does not account for hybridization of plants
ring species - SOLUTION=populations that are reproductively but
not genetically isolated
ecological niche - SOLUTION=complete description of the role
the species play in its environment; habitat requirements
-it is impossible for two species to coexist in the same location if
niches are too similar; competition can drive one to extinction
ecological species concept - SOLUTION=idea that there is a one
to one correspondence between a species and its niche
phylogenetic species concept - SOLUTION=idea that members of
the same species share a common ancestor (and common fate)
, 4 | Page
species - SOLUTION=individuals that are able to exchange
genetic material
gene pool - SOLUTION=all alleles present in individuals of that
species
populations - SOLUTION=interbreeding groups of organisms of
the same species living in the same geographical area
what are two main sources that lead to genetic variation? -
SOLUTION=mutation and recombination
what can somatic mutations lead to? - SOLUTION=cancer,
disease and even death to an INDIVIDUAL
what can germ line mutations lead to? - SOLUTION=mutations
that are passed down to offspring
recombination; name two ways it can occur - SOLUTION=new
alleles may be generated through crossing over and independent
assortment
