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NPS EXAM COMPREHENSIVE NEONATAL &
PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE EXAM
NEWEST 2026 2027 COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS VERIFIED ANSWERS BRAND NEW
VERSION HIGH YIELD STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL
UPDATED PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXAM
PREPARATION GRADED A+ SUCCESS REVIEW
An infant is born at 32 weeks gestation and presents with grunting, nasal
flaring, and intercostal retractions. The chest X-ray reveals a
groundglass appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
B. Meconium aspiration syndrome
C. Respiratory distress syndrome
D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Respiratory distress syndrome
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Which is the most appropriate initial therapy for respiratory distress
syndrome in a premature neonate?
A. Oral steroids
B. Surfactant replacement therapy
C. Heliox therapy
D. Chest physiotherapy
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Surfactant replacement therapy
A 2-year-old child presents with inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and
hoarseness. Which condition is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
D. Foreign body aspiration
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Which radiographic finding is characteristic of bronchiolitis?
A. Steeple sign
B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
C. Thumb sign
D. Ground-glass appearance
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CORRECT ANSWER: B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
A neonate is receiving mechanical ventilation. The PaCO₂ is 68 mmHg
with a pH of 7.20. Which ventilator adjustment is most appropriate?
A. Decrease respiratory rate
B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
C. Increase FiO₂
D. Increase PEEP
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
A 5-year-old with cystic fibrosis presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Which intervention is MOST important?
A. Chest physiotherapy and bronchodilators
B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
C. Oxygen therapy only
D. Heliox administration
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
Which of the following is the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic
fibrosis?
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A. Sweat chloride test
B. Genetic DNA analysis only
C. Chest radiograph
D. Pulmonary function testing
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Sweat chloride test
A neonate has apnea of prematurity. Which pharmacologic therapy is
most effective?
A. Theophylline
B. Caffeine citrate
C. Epinephrine
D. Albuterol
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Caffeine citrate
A child presents with wheezing, hypoxemia, and history of eczema.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Asthma
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Asthma
NPS EXAM COMPREHENSIVE NEONATAL &
PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY CARE EXAM
NEWEST 2026 2027 COMPLETE 100
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS VERIFIED ANSWERS BRAND NEW
VERSION HIGH YIELD STUDY GUIDE ACTUAL
UPDATED PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXAM
PREPARATION GRADED A+ SUCCESS REVIEW
An infant is born at 32 weeks gestation and presents with grunting, nasal
flaring, and intercostal retractions. The chest X-ray reveals a
groundglass appearance. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
B. Meconium aspiration syndrome
C. Respiratory distress syndrome
D. Persistent pulmonary hypertension
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Respiratory distress syndrome
,2 | Page
Which is the most appropriate initial therapy for respiratory distress
syndrome in a premature neonate?
A. Oral steroids
B. Surfactant replacement therapy
C. Heliox therapy
D. Chest physiotherapy
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Surfactant replacement therapy
A 2-year-old child presents with inspiratory stridor, barking cough, and
hoarseness. Which condition is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
D. Foreign body aspiration
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Which radiographic finding is characteristic of bronchiolitis?
A. Steeple sign
B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
C. Thumb sign
D. Ground-glass appearance
,3 | Page
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Hyperinflation with patchy atelectasis
A neonate is receiving mechanical ventilation. The PaCO₂ is 68 mmHg
with a pH of 7.20. Which ventilator adjustment is most appropriate?
A. Decrease respiratory rate
B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
C. Increase FiO₂
D. Increase PEEP
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Increase tidal volume or PIP
A 5-year-old with cystic fibrosis presents with increased sputum
production and fever. Which intervention is MOST important?
A. Chest physiotherapy and bronchodilators
B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
C. Oxygen therapy only
D. Heliox administration
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Antibiotic therapy targeting Pseudomonas
Which of the following is the gold standard diagnostic test for cystic
fibrosis?
, 4 | Page
A. Sweat chloride test
B. Genetic DNA analysis only
C. Chest radiograph
D. Pulmonary function testing
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Sweat chloride test
A neonate has apnea of prematurity. Which pharmacologic therapy is
most effective?
A. Theophylline
B. Caffeine citrate
C. Epinephrine
D. Albuterol
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Caffeine citrate
A child presents with wheezing, hypoxemia, and history of eczema.
Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Asthma
C. Epiglottitis
D. Bronchiolitis
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Asthma
