FINAL EXAM REVIEW NURS 6531 DECK 1QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - ANSWER-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - ANSWER-Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - ANSWER-diluted with low osmolality
and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - ANSWER-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine
comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged
sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - ANSWER-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - ANSWER-hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - ANSWER-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can
be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - ANSWER-hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - ANSWER-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWER-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - ANSWER-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the
facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - ANSWER-An upward response (extension) of the hallux
when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
, What is Romberg's sign? - ANSWER-Loss of balance in standing when eyes are
closed. Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - ANSWER-pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated
with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANSWER-Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - ANSWER-Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANSWER-Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - ANSWER-Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - ANSWER-Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - ANSWER-Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - ANSWER-"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - ANSWER-Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - ANSWER-peaked T-
waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER-Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - ANSWER-Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER-smoking, previous tubal
surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID,
advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2 years.
ANSWERS
What are signs & symptoms of SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone)? - ANSWER-Increased production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone),
hyponatremia, concentrated urine (from excess water resorption), elevated urine
osmolality, mental status changes from cerebral edema.
Diabetes insipidus is associated with what sodium level? - ANSWER-Hypernatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia results in urine that is: - ANSWER-diluted with low osmolality
and hyponatremia
How would you determine the cause of a patient's AKI who presents with decreased
urine output, history of neurogenic bladder, chronic foley, dark urine, and Cr increase
from 1.3 to 2.1 over 3 months? - ANSWER-Flush the foley catheter to see if urine
comes out and assess the patency of the catheter. This action will unblock clogged
sediment or biofilm from chronic bacteriuria.
When a female patient presents to the ER after sexual assault, what medications should
be offered prior to discharge? - ANSWER-Ceftriaxone, azithromycin, Plan B, and
Metronidazole.
Manifestations of Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)? - ANSWER-hypernatremia,
hypokalemia, and hypertension
What causes Cushing syndrome? - ANSWER-Increased levels of glucocorticoids, can
be exogenous (from therapy) or endogenous (from adenoma or neoplasm).
Manifestations of Cushing syndrome? - ANSWER-hypertension, truncal obesity,
osteoporosis, skin fragility, and hyperglycemia.
What differentiates primary adrenocortical insufficiency from secondary adrenocortical
insufficiency? - ANSWER-Skin hyperpigmentation is present in primary adrenocortical
insufficiency
What is Trousseau's sign? - ANSWER-A carpal spasm elicited by compression of the
upper arm with a BP cuff that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Chovstek's sign? - ANSWER-A hemifacial tic that is induced by tapping the
facial nerve below the maxilla that indicates hypocalcemia.
What is Babinski's sign? - ANSWER-An upward response (extension) of the hallux
when the sole of the foot is stimulated with a blunt instrument. Can identify spinal cord
disease in adults.
, What is Romberg's sign? - ANSWER-Loss of balance in standing when eyes are
closed. Usually indicating a loss of proprioception or lesion in the cerebellum.
What is Homan's sign? - ANSWER-pain on passive dorsiflexion of ankle, associated
with DVT.
What is the clinical presentation of Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANSWER-Urinalysis:
Specific gravity: 1.020. pH 5.5, 1+ albumin and large blood present.
Chest XR positive for bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
BUN 30, Cr 3.0
Symptoms: dyspnea with hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture syndrome? - ANSWER-Damage to alveolar and renal glomerular
basement membranes by cytotoxic antibody.
Initial treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome? - ANSWER-Hospitalization, pulse dose of
steroids, begin plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide therapy.
Characteristics of Grave's disease - ANSWER-Ophthalmopathy (lid retraction, scleral
show, proptosis) and hyperthyroidism
What organism causes the formation of a staghorn calculus? - ANSWER-Proteus
mirabilus
What organism causes Toxic shock syndrome? - ANSWER-Staphylococcus aureus
What electrolyte disturbance is most likely to lead to tetany and neuromuscular
irritability? - ANSWER-Hypocalcemia
Features of hypercalcemia include? - ANSWER-"Stones, groans, moans, and bones."
Delerium and renal stones
When you see hypochloremia, the patient may have? - ANSWER-Metabolic Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia is associated with what cardiac abnormalities? - ANSWER-peaked T-
waves, wide QRS, and ventricular arrhythmias.
A patient presents with arcus cornea, LDL 285, TG 110, HDL 45, and father died of an
MI at age 45. What is his most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER-Heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia
A fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL indicates: - ANSWER-Diabetes
What are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? - ANSWER-smoking, previous tubal
surgery, previous ectopic pregnancy, exposure to diethylibestrol, current IUD, PID,
advanced maternal age, infertilitiy for more than 2 years.
