Page 1 of 56
HESI – FUNDAMENTALS STUDY, REVIEW EXAM AND
RATIONALE EXAM COMPREHENSIVE 2026 QUESTIONS
EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100 %
HESI Fundamentals Exam
The nurse is administering an intermittent infusion of an antibiotic to a client
whose intravenous (IV) access is an antecubital saline lock. After the nurse
opens the roller clamp on the IV tubing, the alarm on the infusion pump
indicates an obstruction. What action should the nurse take first?
A. Check for a blood return.
B. Reposition the client's arm.
C. Remove the IV site dressing.
D. Flush the lock with saline.
B. Reposition the client's arm.
If the client's elbow is bent, the IV may be unable to infuse, resulting in an
obstruction alarm, so the nurse should first attempt to reposition the client's arm to
alleviate any obstruction
What action is most important for the nurse to implement when placing a client
in the Sim's position?
A. Raise the bed to a waist-high working level.
B. Elevate the head of the bed 45 degrees.
C. Place a pillow behind the client's back.
D. Bring the client to one edge of the bed.
A. Raise the bed to a waist-high working level.
, Page 2 of 56
The nurse assesses an immobile, elderly male client and determines that his
blood pressure is 138/60, his temperature is 95.8 F, and his output is 100 ml of
concentrated urine during the last hour. He has wet-sounding lung sounds,
and increased respiratory secretions. Based on these assessment findings,
what nursing action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Administer a PRN antihypertensive prescription.
B. Provide the client with an additional blanket.
C. Encourage additional fluid intake.
D. Turn the client q2h.
D. Turn the client q2h.
(D) will help to move and drain respiratory secretions and prevent pneumonia from
occurring, so this intervention has the highest priority. Older adults often have an
increased BP, and a PRN antihypertensive medication is usually prescribed for a BP
over 140 systolic and 90 diastolic (A). Older adults often run a lower temperature,
particularly in the morning, and (B) does not have the priority of (D). Even though the
client has adequate output, (C) might be encouraged because the urine is
concentrated, but this intervention does not have the priority of (D).
A nurse observes a student nurse taking a copy of a client's medication
administration record. When questioned, the student states, "Another student
is scheduled to administer medications for this client tomorrow, so I am going
to make a copy to help my friend prepare for tomorrow's clinical." What
response should the nurse provide first?
A. Ask the nursing supervisor to meet with the students.
B. Notify the student's clinical instructor of the situation.
C. Ask the student if permission was obtained from the client.
D. Explain that the records are hospital property and may not be removed.
D. Explain that the records are hospital property and may not be removed.
The nurse is preparing a male client who has an indwelling catheter and an IV
infusion to ambulate from the bed to a chair for the first time following
abdominal surgery. What action(s) should the nurse implement prior to
assisting the client to the chair? (Select all that apply.)
Select all that apply
A. Pre-medicate the client with an analgesic.
B. Inform the client of the plan for moving to the chair.
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C. Obtain and place a portable commode by the bed.
D. Ask the client to push the IV pole to the chair.
E. . Clamp the indwelling catheter.
F. . Assess the client's blood pressure.
A. Pre-medicate the client with an analgesic.
B. Inform the client of the plan for moving to the chair.
D. Ask the client to push the IV pole to the chair.
F. . Assess the client's blood pressure.
A client is admitted with a stage four pressure ulcer that has a black, hardened
surface and a light-pink wound bed with a malodorous green drainage. Which
dressing is best for the nurse to use first?
A. Hydrogel.
B. Exudate absorber.
C. Wet to moist dressing.
D. Transparent adhesive film.
C. Wet to moist dressing.
What intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a client who
is being treated with an Unna’s paste boot for leg ulcers due to chronic venous
insufficiency?
A. Check capillary refill of toes on lower extremity with Unna's paste boot.
B. Apply dressing to wound area before applying the Unna's paste boot.
C. Wrap the leg from the knee down towards the foot.
D. Remove the Unna's paste boot q8h to assess wound healing.
A. Check capillary refill of toes on lower extremity with Unna's paste boot.
The nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of, "Ineffective health
maintenance related to lack of motivation" for a client with Type 2 diabetes.
Which finding supports this nursing diagnosis?
A. Does not check capillary blood glucose as directed.
B. Occasionally forgets to take daily prescribed medication.
C. Cannot identify signs or symptoms of high and low blood glucose.
D. Eats anything and does not think diet makes a difference in health.
D. Eats anything and does not think diet makes a difference in health.
What is the rationale for using the nursing process in planning care for
clients?
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A. As a scientific process to identify nursing diagnoses of a clients' healthcare
problems.
B. To establish nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of
humans.
C. As a tool to organize thinking and clinical decision making about clients'
healthcare needs.
D. To promote the management of client care in collaboration with other
healthcare professionals.
C. As a tool to organize thinking and clinical decision making about clients'
healthcare needs.
A female client informs the nurse that she uses herbal therapies to supplement
her diet and manage common ailments. What information should the nurse
offer the client about general use of herbal supplements?
A. Most herbs are toxic or carcinogenic and should be used only when proven
effective.
B. There is no evidence that herbs are safe or effective as compared to
conventional supplements in maintaining health.
C. Herbs should be obtained from manufacturers with a history of quality
control of their supplements.
D. Herbal therapies may mask the symptoms of serious disease, so frequent
medical evaluation is required during use.
C. Herbs should be obtained from manufacturers with a history of quality control of
their supplements.
The nurse is discussing dietary preferences with a client who adheres to a
vegan diet. Which dietary supplement should the nurse encourage the client to
include in the dietary plan?
A. Fiber.
B. Folate.
C. Ascorbic acid.
D. Vitamin B12.
D. Vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 is normally found in liver, kidney, meat, fish and dairy products. A vegan
who consumes only vegetables without careful dietary planning and supplementation
HESI – FUNDAMENTALS STUDY, REVIEW EXAM AND
RATIONALE EXAM COMPREHENSIVE 2026 QUESTIONS
EXAM LATEST VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100 %
HESI Fundamentals Exam
The nurse is administering an intermittent infusion of an antibiotic to a client
whose intravenous (IV) access is an antecubital saline lock. After the nurse
opens the roller clamp on the IV tubing, the alarm on the infusion pump
indicates an obstruction. What action should the nurse take first?
A. Check for a blood return.
B. Reposition the client's arm.
C. Remove the IV site dressing.
D. Flush the lock with saline.
B. Reposition the client's arm.
If the client's elbow is bent, the IV may be unable to infuse, resulting in an
obstruction alarm, so the nurse should first attempt to reposition the client's arm to
alleviate any obstruction
What action is most important for the nurse to implement when placing a client
in the Sim's position?
A. Raise the bed to a waist-high working level.
B. Elevate the head of the bed 45 degrees.
C. Place a pillow behind the client's back.
D. Bring the client to one edge of the bed.
A. Raise the bed to a waist-high working level.
, Page 2 of 56
The nurse assesses an immobile, elderly male client and determines that his
blood pressure is 138/60, his temperature is 95.8 F, and his output is 100 ml of
concentrated urine during the last hour. He has wet-sounding lung sounds,
and increased respiratory secretions. Based on these assessment findings,
what nursing action is most important for the nurse to implement?
A. Administer a PRN antihypertensive prescription.
B. Provide the client with an additional blanket.
C. Encourage additional fluid intake.
D. Turn the client q2h.
D. Turn the client q2h.
(D) will help to move and drain respiratory secretions and prevent pneumonia from
occurring, so this intervention has the highest priority. Older adults often have an
increased BP, and a PRN antihypertensive medication is usually prescribed for a BP
over 140 systolic and 90 diastolic (A). Older adults often run a lower temperature,
particularly in the morning, and (B) does not have the priority of (D). Even though the
client has adequate output, (C) might be encouraged because the urine is
concentrated, but this intervention does not have the priority of (D).
A nurse observes a student nurse taking a copy of a client's medication
administration record. When questioned, the student states, "Another student
is scheduled to administer medications for this client tomorrow, so I am going
to make a copy to help my friend prepare for tomorrow's clinical." What
response should the nurse provide first?
A. Ask the nursing supervisor to meet with the students.
B. Notify the student's clinical instructor of the situation.
C. Ask the student if permission was obtained from the client.
D. Explain that the records are hospital property and may not be removed.
D. Explain that the records are hospital property and may not be removed.
The nurse is preparing a male client who has an indwelling catheter and an IV
infusion to ambulate from the bed to a chair for the first time following
abdominal surgery. What action(s) should the nurse implement prior to
assisting the client to the chair? (Select all that apply.)
Select all that apply
A. Pre-medicate the client with an analgesic.
B. Inform the client of the plan for moving to the chair.
, Page 3 of 56
C. Obtain and place a portable commode by the bed.
D. Ask the client to push the IV pole to the chair.
E. . Clamp the indwelling catheter.
F. . Assess the client's blood pressure.
A. Pre-medicate the client with an analgesic.
B. Inform the client of the plan for moving to the chair.
D. Ask the client to push the IV pole to the chair.
F. . Assess the client's blood pressure.
A client is admitted with a stage four pressure ulcer that has a black, hardened
surface and a light-pink wound bed with a malodorous green drainage. Which
dressing is best for the nurse to use first?
A. Hydrogel.
B. Exudate absorber.
C. Wet to moist dressing.
D. Transparent adhesive film.
C. Wet to moist dressing.
What intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a client who
is being treated with an Unna’s paste boot for leg ulcers due to chronic venous
insufficiency?
A. Check capillary refill of toes on lower extremity with Unna's paste boot.
B. Apply dressing to wound area before applying the Unna's paste boot.
C. Wrap the leg from the knee down towards the foot.
D. Remove the Unna's paste boot q8h to assess wound healing.
A. Check capillary refill of toes on lower extremity with Unna's paste boot.
The nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of, "Ineffective health
maintenance related to lack of motivation" for a client with Type 2 diabetes.
Which finding supports this nursing diagnosis?
A. Does not check capillary blood glucose as directed.
B. Occasionally forgets to take daily prescribed medication.
C. Cannot identify signs or symptoms of high and low blood glucose.
D. Eats anything and does not think diet makes a difference in health.
D. Eats anything and does not think diet makes a difference in health.
What is the rationale for using the nursing process in planning care for
clients?
, Page 4 of 56
A. As a scientific process to identify nursing diagnoses of a clients' healthcare
problems.
B. To establish nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of
humans.
C. As a tool to organize thinking and clinical decision making about clients'
healthcare needs.
D. To promote the management of client care in collaboration with other
healthcare professionals.
C. As a tool to organize thinking and clinical decision making about clients'
healthcare needs.
A female client informs the nurse that she uses herbal therapies to supplement
her diet and manage common ailments. What information should the nurse
offer the client about general use of herbal supplements?
A. Most herbs are toxic or carcinogenic and should be used only when proven
effective.
B. There is no evidence that herbs are safe or effective as compared to
conventional supplements in maintaining health.
C. Herbs should be obtained from manufacturers with a history of quality
control of their supplements.
D. Herbal therapies may mask the symptoms of serious disease, so frequent
medical evaluation is required during use.
C. Herbs should be obtained from manufacturers with a history of quality control of
their supplements.
The nurse is discussing dietary preferences with a client who adheres to a
vegan diet. Which dietary supplement should the nurse encourage the client to
include in the dietary plan?
A. Fiber.
B. Folate.
C. Ascorbic acid.
D. Vitamin B12.
D. Vitamin B12.
Vitamin B12 is normally found in liver, kidney, meat, fish and dairy products. A vegan
who consumes only vegetables without careful dietary planning and supplementation
