ATI PN FUNDAMENTALS ONLINE
PRACTICE A CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
FULL ANSWERS TEST PAPER GRADED A+
⩥ How is the Romberg test performed?.
Answer: - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together;
- RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5
seconds
⩥ What are the stages of infection?.
Answer: 1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
⩥ When is the incubation stage?.
Answer: period between when the pathogen enters the body and the first
symptom appears
⩥ When is the prodromal stage?.
Answer: period from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms; [the pathogen is multiplying during this time]
,⩥ When is the illness stage?.
Answer: period when symptoms specific to the infection occur
⩥ When is the convalescence stage?.
Answer: period when acute symptoms disappear; [total recovery could
take days to months]
⩥ What *labs* indicate the *presence of infection*?.
Answer: - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis];
- increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka
left shift];
- ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process
or infection;
- presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area
⩥ How does good oral hygiene help prevent infection?.
Answer: micro-organisms can migrate through breaks in oral mucosa --
good oral hygiene brushes away proteins that attract these micro-
organisms
⩥ How does consuming adequate fluids help prevent infection?.
Answer: - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and
decreasing the growth of micro-organisms;
,- also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-
organisms from entering the body
⩥ What is included in *pulmonary hygiene*?.
Answer: - turning;
- coughing;
- deep breathing;
- incentive spirometry
⩥ How does performing pulmonary hygiene every 2 hours decrease the
growth of micro-organisms and development of pneumonia for an
immobile client?.
Answer: - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions;
- stimulating ciliary movement and clearance;
- and expanding the lungs
⩥ What signs and symptoms present during the 1st stage of
inflammatory response / local infection?.
Answer: - redness [from dilation of the arterioles bringing blood to the
area];
- warmth of area on palpation;
- edema;
- pain or tenderness;
, - loss of use of the affected part
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for contact pathogens?.
Answer: - person to person;
- object to person (indirect contact w/an inanimate object);
- fecal-oral
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for airborne pathogens?.
Answer: - sneezing;
- coughing
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for droplet pathogens?.
Answer: - sneezing;
- coughing;
- talking
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for vector borne pathogens?.
Answer: animals or insects; [e.g., ticks transmit Lyme disease and
mosquitoes transmit West Nile and malaria]
⩥ What PPE is required for *contact* precautions?.
Answer: - gloves + gowns;
PRACTICE A CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
FULL ANSWERS TEST PAPER GRADED A+
⩥ How is the Romberg test performed?.
Answer: - client stands with eyes closed, arms at side, and feet together;
- RN verifies balance if client can stand w/minimal swaying for at least 5
seconds
⩥ What are the stages of infection?.
Answer: 1) incubation;
2) prodromal;
3) illness;
4) convalescence
⩥ When is the incubation stage?.
Answer: period between when the pathogen enters the body and the first
symptom appears
⩥ When is the prodromal stage?.
Answer: period from onset of general symptoms to more distinct
symptoms; [the pathogen is multiplying during this time]
,⩥ When is the illness stage?.
Answer: period when symptoms specific to the infection occur
⩥ When is the convalescence stage?.
Answer: period when acute symptoms disappear; [total recovery could
take days to months]
⩥ What *labs* indicate the *presence of infection*?.
Answer: - WBC > 10,000 [aka leukocytosis];
- increase in specific type of WBCs [e.g., an increase in neutrophils aka
left shift];
- ESR > 20 - note that an increased ESR = active inflammatory process
or infection;
- presence of micro-organisms upon culture of fluid or area
⩥ How does good oral hygiene help prevent infection?.
Answer: micro-organisms can migrate through breaks in oral mucosa --
good oral hygiene brushes away proteins that attract these micro-
organisms
⩥ How does consuming adequate fluids help prevent infection?.
Answer: - prevents stasis of urine by flushing the urinary tract and
decreasing the growth of micro-organisms;
,- also keeps the skin from breaking down -- intact skin prevents micro-
organisms from entering the body
⩥ What is included in *pulmonary hygiene*?.
Answer: - turning;
- coughing;
- deep breathing;
- incentive spirometry
⩥ How does performing pulmonary hygiene every 2 hours decrease the
growth of micro-organisms and development of pneumonia for an
immobile client?.
Answer: - by preventing stasis of pulmonary excretions;
- stimulating ciliary movement and clearance;
- and expanding the lungs
⩥ What signs and symptoms present during the 1st stage of
inflammatory response / local infection?.
Answer: - redness [from dilation of the arterioles bringing blood to the
area];
- warmth of area on palpation;
- edema;
- pain or tenderness;
, - loss of use of the affected part
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for contact pathogens?.
Answer: - person to person;
- object to person (indirect contact w/an inanimate object);
- fecal-oral
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for airborne pathogens?.
Answer: - sneezing;
- coughing
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for droplet pathogens?.
Answer: - sneezing;
- coughing;
- talking
⩥ What are the modes of transmission for vector borne pathogens?.
Answer: animals or insects; [e.g., ticks transmit Lyme disease and
mosquitoes transmit West Nile and malaria]
⩥ What PPE is required for *contact* precautions?.
Answer: - gloves + gowns;
