CBIS LATEST 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Advocacy - ✔✔the act of publicly supporting or speaking on behalf of a person,
cause, action, legislation, etc.
✔✔Advocate - ✔✔an individual or organization who serves on behalf of an individual.
✔✔Affect - ✔✔feeling or emotion.
✔✔Afferent - ✔✔tracts of nerves that send information toward the central nervous
system.
✔✔Agitation - ✔✔the unpleasant state of high excitement leaving a person feeling
confused, nervous, tense, etc.
✔✔Agnosia - ✔✔the lack of awareness of sensations and the inability to recognize
objects. Can be specific to color, familiar faces or general objects.
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔a chemical that binds to a receptor, activating it to produce a biological
response.
✔✔AE: Air Evacuation - ✔✔a sophisticated medical evacuation system, transporting
injured persons via air transport to appropriate levels of car.
✔✔Airborne Pathogens - ✔✔infectious microbes small enough to be transmitted from
person to person when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or laughs.
✔✔Akinesia - ✔✔slowness or loss of voluntary movement; often a result of damage to
the Basal Ganglia.
✔✔AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - ✔✔10-question instrument used
to get information on the amount of a person's drinking, the symptoms of dependence,
and alcohol's harmful effects on their life.
✔✔ASSIST: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance-use Involvement Screening -
✔✔screening tool developed by the WHO to assess high-risk use of alcohol and other
drugs in adults.
✔✔Allied Health Professionals - ✔✔professionals working in the health care industry in
disciplines other than medicine, nursing and pharmacy.
✔✔Allodynia - ✔✔type of pain that is triggered by a stimulus from something that would
not normally provoke pain.
,✔✔Allogeneic - ✔✔derived from the same species, but genetically not identical, such as
human bone or skin grafts.
✔✔Alteration in Mental State - ✔✔when someone feels dazed, experiences confusion,
is uncertain while answering simple questions, has decreased clear thinking, and is not
able to describe what happened prior to or after injury.
✔✔AOC: Alteration of Consciousness - ✔✔reduction in arousal and responsiveness to
stimuli as a result of a medical condition or trauma; may present as confusion, lethargy,
obtundance, or stupor; commonly caused by Intracranial Hemorrhage.
✔✔Alternating Attention - ✔✔ability to shift between tasks that demand different
behavioral or cognitive skills.
✔✔AD: Alzheimer's Disease - ✔✔the most common form of dementia; progressively
worsens. The most common early symptom is short-term memory loss.
✔✔AASM: American Academy of Sleep Medicine - ✔✔a professional organization
dedicated to the subspecialty of sleep medicine and the treatment of sleep disorders.
✔✔AANLCP: American Association of Nurse Life Care Planners - ✔✔a nonprofit
professional organization for nurses who have become certified as life care planners.
✔✔ACRM: American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine - ✔✔an interdisciplinary
organization of rehabilitation professionals supporting research, promoting health,
independence, and quality of life for individuals with disabilities.
✔✔ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act - ✔✔federal law enacted in 1990 that prohibits
discrimination against a person with a disability in employment, state and local
government; mandates public accommodations in commercial facilities, transportation,
and telecommunications.
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔part of the limbic system; closely tied with emotional memories and
reactions , including aggressive responses and the fight-or-flight response.
✔✔ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ✔✔condition developed by some athletes with
repetitive concussive injuries; involves degeneration of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔Anhedonia - ✔✔telltale symptom of depression in which the individual experiences a
loss of interest in things they previously enjoyed.
,✔✔Anorgasmia - ✔✔the inability to achieve orgasm. More common in females; rare in
younger males. May be linked to medical disorders, psychological disorders, genital
mutilation or side effects of certain anti-depressant medications.
✔✔Anosognosia - ✔✔lack of awareness or denial of paralysis of a limb or of the limb
itself.
✔✔Anoxia - ✔✔the absence of oxygen supply to tissue or an organ; results in cell
death.
✔✔Antecedent - ✔✔a term used in behavioral psychology to describe a contextual cue
that results in a behavior; part of the three term contingency.
✔✔Antecedent-based Behavior Model - ✔✔an evidence-based behavior modification
practice.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front.
✔✔Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts - ✔✔these afferent nerve tracts send
information to the cerebellum, helping to interpret proprioception. Locate laterally in the
spinal cord and just anterior or posterior to the mid-line.
✔✔Anterior Cingulate - ✔✔the frontal part of the cingulate cortex (part of the corpus
callosum) that regulates certai autonomic functions, including blood pressure and heart
rate. Plays a role in empathy, impulse control, reward anticipation and decision-making.
✔✔Anterior Cord Syndrome - ✔✔common spinal cord syndrome; marked by a loss of
muscle control, pain and temperature sensation, but without loss of proprioception and
touch sensation.
✔✔Anterior Corticospinal Tract - ✔✔efferent nerve bundle located in the ventral-medial
cord; carries impulses from the motor cortex to muscles and organs.
✔✔Anterior Longitudinal Ligament - ✔✔ligament connecting the spinal column; runs in
front of the vertebral bodies.
✔✔Anterior Spinal Artery - ✔✔large artery that is fed mainly from the aorta; runs
anterior to the spinal cord and provides blood supply to it.
✔✔Anterograde Amnesia - ✔✔inability to create new memories following the event that
caused the amnesia.
✔✔Anti-cholinergic - ✔✔a class of drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine in the CNS and peripheral nervous system.
, ✔✔Anxiety - ✔✔condition characterized by feelings of fear or worry; may be associated
with other symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, restlessness,
decreased concentration and changes in sleep.
✔✔Apathy - ✔✔lack of concern, feeling or emotion; general disinterest. A symptom of
major depression.
✔✔Aphasia - ✔✔loss of ability to understand (receptive) or produce (expressive)
language.
✔✔Apneic - ✔✔not breathing for a short time.
✔✔APOEe4 - ✔✔the genetic allele associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's
Disease.
✔✔Apoptosis - ✔✔a naturally occurring process that involves a controlled sequence of
steps that tell a cell to terminate itself; cell death.
✔✔Appropriate Auxiliary Aids and Services - ✔✔qualified sign language; oral, relay or
tactile interpreters; video interpreting services; qualified note-takers; computer-assisted
real time transcription services; written materials; telephone handset amplifiers;
assistive listening devices, etc.
✔✔Apraxia - ✔✔inability to perform purposeful actions due to damage in certain areas
of the brain.
✔✔Apraxia of Speech - ✔✔an oral motor speech disorder in which a person cannot
translate what they want to say into motor plans to initiate speech.
✔✔Arachidonic Acid Cascade - ✔✔complicated process in which the body responds to
chemical reactions of prostaglandins, leukotriene and other substances to produce an
inflammatory response in the body.
✔✔Arachnoid Mater - ✔✔the spider-web middle layer of the meninges.
✔✔Areflexic Bowel - ✔✔decreased reflex control of the anal sphincter due to damage to
nerves that exit the lumbar or sacral areas of the spinal cord.
✔✔Arousal - ✔✔the state of high alertness either physically or mentally.
✔✔Arteries - ✔✔blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Advocacy - ✔✔the act of publicly supporting or speaking on behalf of a person,
cause, action, legislation, etc.
✔✔Advocate - ✔✔an individual or organization who serves on behalf of an individual.
✔✔Affect - ✔✔feeling or emotion.
✔✔Afferent - ✔✔tracts of nerves that send information toward the central nervous
system.
✔✔Agitation - ✔✔the unpleasant state of high excitement leaving a person feeling
confused, nervous, tense, etc.
✔✔Agnosia - ✔✔the lack of awareness of sensations and the inability to recognize
objects. Can be specific to color, familiar faces or general objects.
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔a chemical that binds to a receptor, activating it to produce a biological
response.
✔✔AE: Air Evacuation - ✔✔a sophisticated medical evacuation system, transporting
injured persons via air transport to appropriate levels of car.
✔✔Airborne Pathogens - ✔✔infectious microbes small enough to be transmitted from
person to person when an infected individual coughs, sneezes or laughs.
✔✔Akinesia - ✔✔slowness or loss of voluntary movement; often a result of damage to
the Basal Ganglia.
✔✔AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - ✔✔10-question instrument used
to get information on the amount of a person's drinking, the symptoms of dependence,
and alcohol's harmful effects on their life.
✔✔ASSIST: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance-use Involvement Screening -
✔✔screening tool developed by the WHO to assess high-risk use of alcohol and other
drugs in adults.
✔✔Allied Health Professionals - ✔✔professionals working in the health care industry in
disciplines other than medicine, nursing and pharmacy.
✔✔Allodynia - ✔✔type of pain that is triggered by a stimulus from something that would
not normally provoke pain.
,✔✔Allogeneic - ✔✔derived from the same species, but genetically not identical, such as
human bone or skin grafts.
✔✔Alteration in Mental State - ✔✔when someone feels dazed, experiences confusion,
is uncertain while answering simple questions, has decreased clear thinking, and is not
able to describe what happened prior to or after injury.
✔✔AOC: Alteration of Consciousness - ✔✔reduction in arousal and responsiveness to
stimuli as a result of a medical condition or trauma; may present as confusion, lethargy,
obtundance, or stupor; commonly caused by Intracranial Hemorrhage.
✔✔Alternating Attention - ✔✔ability to shift between tasks that demand different
behavioral or cognitive skills.
✔✔AD: Alzheimer's Disease - ✔✔the most common form of dementia; progressively
worsens. The most common early symptom is short-term memory loss.
✔✔AASM: American Academy of Sleep Medicine - ✔✔a professional organization
dedicated to the subspecialty of sleep medicine and the treatment of sleep disorders.
✔✔AANLCP: American Association of Nurse Life Care Planners - ✔✔a nonprofit
professional organization for nurses who have become certified as life care planners.
✔✔ACRM: American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine - ✔✔an interdisciplinary
organization of rehabilitation professionals supporting research, promoting health,
independence, and quality of life for individuals with disabilities.
✔✔ADA: Americans with Disabilities Act - ✔✔federal law enacted in 1990 that prohibits
discrimination against a person with a disability in employment, state and local
government; mandates public accommodations in commercial facilities, transportation,
and telecommunications.
✔✔Amygdala - ✔✔part of the limbic system; closely tied with emotional memories and
reactions , including aggressive responses and the fight-or-flight response.
✔✔ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ✔✔condition developed by some athletes with
repetitive concussive injuries; involves degeneration of the brain and spinal cord.
✔✔Anhedonia - ✔✔telltale symptom of depression in which the individual experiences a
loss of interest in things they previously enjoyed.
,✔✔Anorgasmia - ✔✔the inability to achieve orgasm. More common in females; rare in
younger males. May be linked to medical disorders, psychological disorders, genital
mutilation or side effects of certain anti-depressant medications.
✔✔Anosognosia - ✔✔lack of awareness or denial of paralysis of a limb or of the limb
itself.
✔✔Anoxia - ✔✔the absence of oxygen supply to tissue or an organ; results in cell
death.
✔✔Antecedent - ✔✔a term used in behavioral psychology to describe a contextual cue
that results in a behavior; part of the three term contingency.
✔✔Antecedent-based Behavior Model - ✔✔an evidence-based behavior modification
practice.
✔✔Anterior - ✔✔front.
✔✔Anterior and Posterior Spinocerebellar Tracts - ✔✔these afferent nerve tracts send
information to the cerebellum, helping to interpret proprioception. Locate laterally in the
spinal cord and just anterior or posterior to the mid-line.
✔✔Anterior Cingulate - ✔✔the frontal part of the cingulate cortex (part of the corpus
callosum) that regulates certai autonomic functions, including blood pressure and heart
rate. Plays a role in empathy, impulse control, reward anticipation and decision-making.
✔✔Anterior Cord Syndrome - ✔✔common spinal cord syndrome; marked by a loss of
muscle control, pain and temperature sensation, but without loss of proprioception and
touch sensation.
✔✔Anterior Corticospinal Tract - ✔✔efferent nerve bundle located in the ventral-medial
cord; carries impulses from the motor cortex to muscles and organs.
✔✔Anterior Longitudinal Ligament - ✔✔ligament connecting the spinal column; runs in
front of the vertebral bodies.
✔✔Anterior Spinal Artery - ✔✔large artery that is fed mainly from the aorta; runs
anterior to the spinal cord and provides blood supply to it.
✔✔Anterograde Amnesia - ✔✔inability to create new memories following the event that
caused the amnesia.
✔✔Anti-cholinergic - ✔✔a class of drugs that block the action of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine in the CNS and peripheral nervous system.
, ✔✔Anxiety - ✔✔condition characterized by feelings of fear or worry; may be associated
with other symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, restlessness,
decreased concentration and changes in sleep.
✔✔Apathy - ✔✔lack of concern, feeling or emotion; general disinterest. A symptom of
major depression.
✔✔Aphasia - ✔✔loss of ability to understand (receptive) or produce (expressive)
language.
✔✔Apneic - ✔✔not breathing for a short time.
✔✔APOEe4 - ✔✔the genetic allele associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's
Disease.
✔✔Apoptosis - ✔✔a naturally occurring process that involves a controlled sequence of
steps that tell a cell to terminate itself; cell death.
✔✔Appropriate Auxiliary Aids and Services - ✔✔qualified sign language; oral, relay or
tactile interpreters; video interpreting services; qualified note-takers; computer-assisted
real time transcription services; written materials; telephone handset amplifiers;
assistive listening devices, etc.
✔✔Apraxia - ✔✔inability to perform purposeful actions due to damage in certain areas
of the brain.
✔✔Apraxia of Speech - ✔✔an oral motor speech disorder in which a person cannot
translate what they want to say into motor plans to initiate speech.
✔✔Arachidonic Acid Cascade - ✔✔complicated process in which the body responds to
chemical reactions of prostaglandins, leukotriene and other substances to produce an
inflammatory response in the body.
✔✔Arachnoid Mater - ✔✔the spider-web middle layer of the meninges.
✔✔Areflexic Bowel - ✔✔decreased reflex control of the anal sphincter due to damage to
nerves that exit the lumbar or sacral areas of the spinal cord.
✔✔Arousal - ✔✔the state of high alertness either physically or mentally.
✔✔Arteries - ✔✔blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
