NUR 257 Concepts of Aging Exam 3: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Cardiovascular,
Respiratory, Cognitive, Neurologic Disorders | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers)
Gerontological Nursing | Chronic Disease Management in Older Adults
SUBJECT COURSE FORMAT
Gerontological Nursing / Chronic Disease NUR 257 Concepts of Aging Exam 3 Q&A with Rationales
Management
Q1
What are the four key considerations to the regulation of glucose metabolism?
CORRECT ANSWER
Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
R AT I O N A L E
• Hormonal regulation involves insulin and glucagon; stress increases cortisol and blood glucose.
Q2
What is glycogenolysis?
CORRECT ANSWER
The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to be used by the body to maintain blood glucose levels
R AT I O N A L E
• Occurs in the liver and muscles during periods of low blood glucose.
Q3
How is hypertension diagnosed?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg
R AT I O N A L E
• ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines: ≥130/80 mmHg for stage 1 hypertension.
Q4
How often should adults at least age 40 be screened for hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Yearly
R AT I O N A L E
• USPSTF recommends annual screening for adults ≥40.
, Q5
What are complications of hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Hemorrhagic stroke, retinopathy, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure (proteinuria), CHR, CHF, LVH
R AT I O N A L E
• Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease.
Q6
What are first-line medications for hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diuretics are first-line drugs (thiazide diuretics)
R AT I O N A L E
• ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and CCBs are also first-line depending on patient characteristics.
Q7
What are signs of a heart attack in men?
CORRECT ANSWER
Lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain and discomfort, neck/back/jaw pain, arm/shoulder pain,
nausea/vomiting
R AT I O N A L E
• Classic crushing substernal chest pain radiating to left arm is typical in men.
Q8
What are signs of a heart attack in women?
CORRECT ANSWER
Lightheadedness/dizziness/fainting, shortness of breath, pain/numbness in one or both arms, back/jaw pain, sweating,
nausea/vomiting (presents more like anxiety attack)
R AT I O N A L E
• Women often have atypical symptoms; may be misdiagnosed as anxiety or indigestion.
Q9
What are signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation?
CORRECT ANSWER
Heart palpitations, fainting spells, lack of breath, chronic chest pain, heart failure, dementia, stroke
R AT I O N A L E
• AFib increases stroke risk 5-fold; anticoagulation is key for prevention.
Respiratory, Cognitive, Neurologic Disorders | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified
Answers)
Gerontological Nursing | Chronic Disease Management in Older Adults
SUBJECT COURSE FORMAT
Gerontological Nursing / Chronic Disease NUR 257 Concepts of Aging Exam 3 Q&A with Rationales
Management
Q1
What are the four key considerations to the regulation of glucose metabolism?
CORRECT ANSWER
Hormonal regulation, neural regulation, exercise, and stress
R AT I O N A L E
• Hormonal regulation involves insulin and glucagon; stress increases cortisol and blood glucose.
Q2
What is glycogenolysis?
CORRECT ANSWER
The process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose to be used by the body to maintain blood glucose levels
R AT I O N A L E
• Occurs in the liver and muscles during periods of low blood glucose.
Q3
How is hypertension diagnosed?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg or systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg
R AT I O N A L E
• ACC/AHA 2017 guidelines: ≥130/80 mmHg for stage 1 hypertension.
Q4
How often should adults at least age 40 be screened for hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Yearly
R AT I O N A L E
• USPSTF recommends annual screening for adults ≥40.
, Q5
What are complications of hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Hemorrhagic stroke, retinopathy, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure (proteinuria), CHR, CHF, LVH
R AT I O N A L E
• Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease.
Q6
What are first-line medications for hypertension?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diuretics are first-line drugs (thiazide diuretics)
R AT I O N A L E
• ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and CCBs are also first-line depending on patient characteristics.
Q7
What are signs of a heart attack in men?
CORRECT ANSWER
Lightheadedness, shortness of breath, chest pain and discomfort, neck/back/jaw pain, arm/shoulder pain,
nausea/vomiting
R AT I O N A L E
• Classic crushing substernal chest pain radiating to left arm is typical in men.
Q8
What are signs of a heart attack in women?
CORRECT ANSWER
Lightheadedness/dizziness/fainting, shortness of breath, pain/numbness in one or both arms, back/jaw pain, sweating,
nausea/vomiting (presents more like anxiety attack)
R AT I O N A L E
• Women often have atypical symptoms; may be misdiagnosed as anxiety or indigestion.
Q9
What are signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation?
CORRECT ANSWER
Heart palpitations, fainting spells, lack of breath, chronic chest pain, heart failure, dementia, stroke
R AT I O N A L E
• AFib increases stroke risk 5-fold; anticoagulation is key for prevention.
