100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Disparities and barriers to mental healthcare
Reduced utilization of mental healthcare, decreased quality of care, lack
of adherence. White providers disproportionately diagnose minority
clients with severe psychosis. Minorities delay or avoid care due to
mistrust of providers.
Actions to decrease disparities and reduce drop out rate.
Increase number of minority providers, improve access (telehealth),
understand SDOH, use cultural humility, increased use of primary care
behavioral health integrative practice clinics (serve mental and physical
health in one location), address stigma, increase early engagement,
screen for barriers, incorporate support systems, trauma informed care,
follow up after missed appointments.
Rutgers University Psych Program
Hildegarde Peplau started the first graduate degree in psychiatric
nursing in 1954
Johns Hopkins Nursing Program
Started the first DNP PMHNP program in 2021
The role that medicare and medicaid had in deinsitutionalization
, In 1965, medicaid did not provide funding for large psychiatric hospitals,
patients were moved into outpatient clinics. (Institution for mental
disease exclusion, shift from state responsibility to shared federal
funding, also added to homeless and incarceration)
Comorbidities role in SPMI and influence on lifespan
Leading cause of disability, disease burden, mortality, suicide. Death
about 10-25 years earlier.
Four roles of the PMHNP
Case management, psychotherapy, education, clinical supervision
Four types of APRNs in the consensus model
CNP, CNS (clinical nurse specialist), CRNA, CNM
Four aspects of the consensus model
Licensure, accreditation, certification, education (LACE)
Licensure
Defines scope, regulates authority
Accredidation
Sets standards for educational programs (CCNE, ACEN)
Certification
APRN specialization and clinical competency (adds board certification)
Education
Formal graduate level education with three Ps, 4 p in psych
Federal priorities in addressing SUD