NR 283 Exam 2: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Pulmonary & Cardiovascular
Pathophysiology | Respiratory System, Lung Diseases, Valvular Disorders |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam 2 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
What do bronchial arteries supply?
CORRECT ANSWER: Supply the lungs with oxygen and blood
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Bronchial arteries are part of systemic circulation, supplying oxygenated blood to lung tissue (bronchi, connective
tissue, visceral pleura).
2
How many lobes does the right lung have?
CORRECT ANSWER: 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Right lung is shorter and broader; divided by horizontal and oblique fissures.
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
CORRECT ANSWER: 2 lobes (upper and lower) plus the cardiac notch
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Left lung is narrower to accommodate the heart; cardiac notch creates space for the heart.
4
What are lobules composed of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Each lobule is supplied by a terminal bronchiole; site of gas exchange.
, 5
What does the upper respiratory tract include?
CORRECT ANSWER: Larynx and above: nose, mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Filters, warms, and humidifies inspired air; involved in taste, smell, chewing, and swallowing.
6
What does the lower respiratory tract include?
CORRECT ANSWER: Trachea and below: trachea, main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi,
conducting bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, lobules (alveolar ducts, sacs,
alveoli)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Responsible for air conduction and gas exchange.
7
What does the conducting zone consist of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Terminal bronchioles and above (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, conducting
bronchioles)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Conducts air in/out of lungs but does not participate in gas exchange.
8
What does the respiratory zone consist of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Respiratory bronchioles and lower (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar
sacs, alveoli)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Site of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
9
What is the diaphragm and its function?
CORRECT ANSWER: Dome-shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities; involved in
ventilation
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Primary muscle of inspiration; contraction flattens, increasing thoracic volume.
Pathophysiology | Respiratory System, Lung Diseases, Valvular Disorders |
Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW | LATEST 2026/2027
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Pathophysiology NR 283 Exam 2 2026/2027 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
1
What do bronchial arteries supply?
CORRECT ANSWER: Supply the lungs with oxygen and blood
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Bronchial arteries are part of systemic circulation, supplying oxygenated blood to lung tissue (bronchi, connective
tissue, visceral pleura).
2
How many lobes does the right lung have?
CORRECT ANSWER: 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Right lung is shorter and broader; divided by horizontal and oblique fissures.
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
CORRECT ANSWER: 2 lobes (upper and lower) plus the cardiac notch
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Left lung is narrower to accommodate the heart; cardiac notch creates space for the heart.
4
What are lobules composed of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Each lobule is supplied by a terminal bronchiole; site of gas exchange.
, 5
What does the upper respiratory tract include?
CORRECT ANSWER: Larynx and above: nose, mouth, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Filters, warms, and humidifies inspired air; involved in taste, smell, chewing, and swallowing.
6
What does the lower respiratory tract include?
CORRECT ANSWER: Trachea and below: trachea, main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi,
conducting bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, lobules (alveolar ducts, sacs,
alveoli)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Responsible for air conduction and gas exchange.
7
What does the conducting zone consist of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Terminal bronchioles and above (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, conducting
bronchioles)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Conducts air in/out of lungs but does not participate in gas exchange.
8
What does the respiratory zone consist of?
CORRECT ANSWER: Respiratory bronchioles and lower (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar
sacs, alveoli)
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Site of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
9
What is the diaphragm and its function?
CORRECT ANSWER: Dome-shaped muscle separating thoracic and abdominal cavities; involved in
ventilation
CLINICAL RATIONALE
1. Primary muscle of inspiration; contraction flattens, increasing thoracic volume.
