CHAPTER 1
ELECTRIC CHARGES
AND FIELDS
Complete Notes + Derivation + PYQS +
formula Sheet +Important Diagrams &
Points.
Topper Notes by Ayezu
2025-2026
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 1|P a ge
, CHAPTER NO 01 :-ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
Hey juniors
This Chapter is one of the most scoring chapters in Electrostatics. If you don’t know anything in this
chapter let I will give fully clear and easy way of full notes chapter no.01.It’s mainly focused on
Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Electrical Field, Field Lines, & Gauss Theroem.
1. Important NCERT Definitions + Formulas
Electric Charge
Property of matter because of which it experiences electrical force.
Two types:
Positive charge
Negative charge
Properties of Charge
(i) Quantisation of Charge
Charge exists in discrete packets.
q=ne
Where:
n = integer
e=1.6×10-19CE
Memory Trick:
“Charge comes in packets like Kurkure.”
(ii) Conservation of Charge
Total charge of an isolated system remains constant.
Memory Trick:
“Charge can be travelled but not vanish
Coulomb’s Law
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 2|P a ge
, Force between two point charges is directly proportional to product of charges and inversely proportional to
square of distance.
F=1/4πϵ0 q1q2/r2
Where:
ϵ0 = permittivity of free space
Important Point
Like charges will repel
Unlike charges will attract
Memory Trick:
“More Charge=More Force
More Distance=Less Force”
Electric Field
Region around charge where another charge experiences force.
Electric Field Intensity
Force per unit positive charge.
E=F/q
For point charge:
E=1/4πϵ0 q/r2
Unit = N/C
Memory Trick:
“More force on charge = Stronger Electric Field”.
Principle of Superposition
Net electric field equals vector sum of individual fields.
Memory Trick:
“Total Effect = Sum of all affects.”
Electric Dipole
Two equal and opposite charges separated by small distance.
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 3|P a ge
ELECTRIC CHARGES
AND FIELDS
Complete Notes + Derivation + PYQS +
formula Sheet +Important Diagrams &
Points.
Topper Notes by Ayezu
2025-2026
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 1|P a ge
, CHAPTER NO 01 :-ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
Hey juniors
This Chapter is one of the most scoring chapters in Electrostatics. If you don’t know anything in this
chapter let I will give fully clear and easy way of full notes chapter no.01.It’s mainly focused on
Charge, Coulomb’s Law, Electrical Field, Field Lines, & Gauss Theroem.
1. Important NCERT Definitions + Formulas
Electric Charge
Property of matter because of which it experiences electrical force.
Two types:
Positive charge
Negative charge
Properties of Charge
(i) Quantisation of Charge
Charge exists in discrete packets.
q=ne
Where:
n = integer
e=1.6×10-19CE
Memory Trick:
“Charge comes in packets like Kurkure.”
(ii) Conservation of Charge
Total charge of an isolated system remains constant.
Memory Trick:
“Charge can be travelled but not vanish
Coulomb’s Law
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 2|P a ge
, Force between two point charges is directly proportional to product of charges and inversely proportional to
square of distance.
F=1/4πϵ0 q1q2/r2
Where:
ϵ0 = permittivity of free space
Important Point
Like charges will repel
Unlike charges will attract
Memory Trick:
“More Charge=More Force
More Distance=Less Force”
Electric Field
Region around charge where another charge experiences force.
Electric Field Intensity
Force per unit positive charge.
E=F/q
For point charge:
E=1/4πϵ0 q/r2
Unit = N/C
Memory Trick:
“More force on charge = Stronger Electric Field”.
Principle of Superposition
Net electric field equals vector sum of individual fields.
Memory Trick:
“Total Effect = Sum of all affects.”
Electric Dipole
Two equal and opposite charges separated by small distance.
Ayezu CBSE 2025-56 PHYSICS NOTES 3|P a ge
