LMR UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔risk factors for schizophrenia - ✔✔genetic loading - first degree relative
prenatal exposure to flu or virus
prenatal malnutrition or illness
obstetrical complications
CNS infection in childhood
substance use
oxygen deprivation
excessive pruning
inadequate formation
✔✔schizophrenia mri - ✔✔ventricular enlargement
✔✔which neurotransmitters are increased in schizophrenia - ✔✔dopamine and
glutamate (excitatory)
✔✔which neurotranmitters are decreased in schizophrenia - ✔✔serotonin and GABA
(inhibitory)
✔✔fight/flight neurotransmitters - ✔✔norepinephrine and epinephrine
✔✔nonpharmacologic treatment for schizophrenia - ✔✔assertive community treatment
milieu therapy
✔✔positive symptoms of schizophrenia - ✔✔delusions, hallucinations, referential
thinking
✔✔abstraction - ✔✔proverb interpretation (e.g. everyone lives in glass houses and
shouldn't throw rocks)
✔✔thought process - ✔✔organization of thoughts/speech
tangentiality (unrelated response)
circumstantiality (circling back to answer)
flight of ideas, magical thinking
✔✔thought content - ✔✔si/hi
plan, ideas of reference, hallucinations
✔✔FABER test - ✔✔flexion, abduction, external rotation
detect hip, lumbar spine, or sacroiliac joint pathology
examiner applies a posteriorly directed force against the medial knee of the bent leg
towards the table top
,positive test with groin or buttocks pain
✔✔Gaenslen's Test - ✔✔Patient side lying at edge of table while holding bottom leg in
maximal hip and knee flexion (knee to chest).
Stand behind the patient and passively extend hip of upper most limb. This places
stress on SIJ associated with upper most limb.
(+) TEST: pain in SIJ
sacroiliac joint dysfunction
✔✔Folstein - ✔✔MMSE
✔✔Serial 7s and 3s. word backwards - ✔✔concentration, attention, calculation
✔✔MMSE scores - ✔✔25-30 normal*
20-25 mild
10-20 moderate
0-10 severe*
✔✔president or governor - ✔✔fund of knowledge
✔✔remember 3 items - ✔✔recall, memory
✔✔clock drawing test - ✔✔cerebrum right hemisphere
✔✔mesolimbic pathway - ✔✔positive symptoms of schizophrenia
excessive dopamine
✔✔mesocortical pathway - ✔✔negative symptoms of schizophrenia
decreased dopamine
✔✔Nigrostriatal pathway - ✔✔D2 blockade = eps
(eps d/t increased ACh)
✔✔Tuberoinfundibular pathway - ✔✔dopamine blockade = increased prolactin
✔✔acute dystonia - ✔✔stiffness of neck, spasms of neck
✔✔acute dystonia treatment - ✔✔Benztropine (cogentin)
diphenhydramine
✔✔Akathisia - ✔✔inability to sit still
✔✔akithisia treatment - ✔✔beta blocker (propranolol)
note: avoid with albuterol d/t bronchospasms
, cogentin
benzos
✔✔akinesia - ✔✔difficulty initiating movement
✔✔akinesia treatment - ✔✔cogentin
✔✔Reglan (metoclopramide) and compazine (prochlorpremazine) - ✔✔risk of TD
✔✔Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - ✔✔d for decreased serum level
PB: Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, tobacco
Mnemonic: BS CRAP GPS
Barbituates
St. John's wort
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol (chronic)
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
✔✔Inhibitors of CYP450 - ✔✔h for high serum level
PB: Buproprion, Clomipramine, Cimetidine, Clarithromycin, Fluoroquinolones,,
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice, Ketoconazole, Nefazodone, SSRIs
Mnemonic: sickfaces.com/g
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine (histamine receptor antagonist)
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole and other anti-fungals
Alcohol (binge drinking), amiodarone, allopurinol
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides, SSRIs
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
grapefruit, cranberry juice
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔risk factors for schizophrenia - ✔✔genetic loading - first degree relative
prenatal exposure to flu or virus
prenatal malnutrition or illness
obstetrical complications
CNS infection in childhood
substance use
oxygen deprivation
excessive pruning
inadequate formation
✔✔schizophrenia mri - ✔✔ventricular enlargement
✔✔which neurotransmitters are increased in schizophrenia - ✔✔dopamine and
glutamate (excitatory)
✔✔which neurotranmitters are decreased in schizophrenia - ✔✔serotonin and GABA
(inhibitory)
✔✔fight/flight neurotransmitters - ✔✔norepinephrine and epinephrine
✔✔nonpharmacologic treatment for schizophrenia - ✔✔assertive community treatment
milieu therapy
✔✔positive symptoms of schizophrenia - ✔✔delusions, hallucinations, referential
thinking
✔✔abstraction - ✔✔proverb interpretation (e.g. everyone lives in glass houses and
shouldn't throw rocks)
✔✔thought process - ✔✔organization of thoughts/speech
tangentiality (unrelated response)
circumstantiality (circling back to answer)
flight of ideas, magical thinking
✔✔thought content - ✔✔si/hi
plan, ideas of reference, hallucinations
✔✔FABER test - ✔✔flexion, abduction, external rotation
detect hip, lumbar spine, or sacroiliac joint pathology
examiner applies a posteriorly directed force against the medial knee of the bent leg
towards the table top
,positive test with groin or buttocks pain
✔✔Gaenslen's Test - ✔✔Patient side lying at edge of table while holding bottom leg in
maximal hip and knee flexion (knee to chest).
Stand behind the patient and passively extend hip of upper most limb. This places
stress on SIJ associated with upper most limb.
(+) TEST: pain in SIJ
sacroiliac joint dysfunction
✔✔Folstein - ✔✔MMSE
✔✔Serial 7s and 3s. word backwards - ✔✔concentration, attention, calculation
✔✔MMSE scores - ✔✔25-30 normal*
20-25 mild
10-20 moderate
0-10 severe*
✔✔president or governor - ✔✔fund of knowledge
✔✔remember 3 items - ✔✔recall, memory
✔✔clock drawing test - ✔✔cerebrum right hemisphere
✔✔mesolimbic pathway - ✔✔positive symptoms of schizophrenia
excessive dopamine
✔✔mesocortical pathway - ✔✔negative symptoms of schizophrenia
decreased dopamine
✔✔Nigrostriatal pathway - ✔✔D2 blockade = eps
(eps d/t increased ACh)
✔✔Tuberoinfundibular pathway - ✔✔dopamine blockade = increased prolactin
✔✔acute dystonia - ✔✔stiffness of neck, spasms of neck
✔✔acute dystonia treatment - ✔✔Benztropine (cogentin)
diphenhydramine
✔✔Akathisia - ✔✔inability to sit still
✔✔akithisia treatment - ✔✔beta blocker (propranolol)
note: avoid with albuterol d/t bronchospasms
, cogentin
benzos
✔✔akinesia - ✔✔difficulty initiating movement
✔✔akinesia treatment - ✔✔cogentin
✔✔Reglan (metoclopramide) and compazine (prochlorpremazine) - ✔✔risk of TD
✔✔Inducers of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) - ✔✔d for decreased serum level
PB: Barbiturates, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John's Wort, tobacco
Mnemonic: BS CRAP GPS
Barbituates
St. John's wort
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol (chronic)
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
✔✔Inhibitors of CYP450 - ✔✔h for high serum level
PB: Buproprion, Clomipramine, Cimetidine, Clarithromycin, Fluoroquinolones,,
Grapefruit and grapefruit juice, Ketoconazole, Nefazodone, SSRIs
Mnemonic: sickfaces.com/g
Sodium valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine (histamine receptor antagonist)
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole and other anti-fungals
Alcohol (binge drinking), amiodarone, allopurinol
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Sulfonamides, SSRIs
Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
grapefruit, cranberry juice
