HIS 181 TEST 2 ANDERSON UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED
A
How have traditional class and gender hierarchies changed in the past
250 years? Correct Answers the abolitionist movement of the nineteenth
century attacked slavery, largely unquestioned for millenia; the women's
movement has confronted long and deeply held patriarchal assumptions
about the proper relationship between the sexes
How have they stayed the same Correct Answers like the first
civilizations, those of the second-wave era were sharply divided along
class lines, and they too were patriarchal, with women clearly
subordinated to men in most domains of life
What philosophical values shaped Chinese society during the second-
wave era of the Han dynasty (2nd century BCE - 3rd century BCE)? Be
able to show the impact of Confucianism Correct Answers -
philosophers such as Confucius had long advocated selecting such
officials on the basis of merit and personal morality rather than birth or
wealth. As the Han dynasty established its authority in China around
200 BCE, in rulers required each province to send men of promise to the
capital, where they were examined and chosen for official positions on
the basis of their performance
define caste (Varna) and the five major ranks (Braham, Kshatriya,
Vaisya, Sudra, and Untouchables) Correct Answers - whatever the
precise origins of the caste system, by around 500 BCE, the idea that
society was forever divided into four ranked classes, or varnas, was
,deeply embedded in Indian thinking, everyone was born into and
remained within one of these classes for life
- Brahmins were priests whose rituals and sacrifices alone could ensure
the proper functioning of the world
- Kshatriya were warriors and rulers charged with protecting and
governing society
- Vaisya were originally commoners who cultivated the land
- the first three came to be regarded as pure Aryans and were called the
"twice-born", for they experienced not only a physical birth but also
formal initiation into their respective varnas and status as people of
prestigious Aryan descent
- Sudras were native peoples incorporated into the margins of Aryan
society in very subordinate positions
- the untouchables were men and women who did the work considered
most unclean and polluting
What were the origins and the role of slavery in the Roman world?
Correct Answers - some have suggested that the early domestication of
animals provided a model for enslaving people, slave owners have
everywhere compared their slaves to tamed animals
- slavery played an immense role in the Mediterranean, or Western,
world. Although slavery was practiced in Chinese, Indian, and Persian
civilizations, in the Greco-Roman world society was based on slavery.
By a conservative estimate, classical Athens alone was home to perhaps
60,000 slaves, or about one-third of the total population. In Athens,
ironically, the growth of democracy and citizenship was defined and
accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a mass scales,
, some people were "slaves by nature" and should be enslaved for their
own good and for that of the larger society
What distinguished Roman slavery from slavery in other countries?
Correct Answers - the vast majority of Roman slaves had been captured
in the many wars that accompanied the creation of the empire
- unlike American slavery of later times, Roman practice was not
identified with a particular racial or ethnic group
- like slave owners everywhere, Romans regarded their slaves as
"barbarians" - lazy, unreliable, immoral, prone to thieving - and came to
think of certain peoples, such as Asiatic Greeks, Syrians, and Jews, as
slaves by nature
In what ways were women "active agents in the histories of their
societies" despite the contsraints of patriarchy? Correct Answers -
female inferiority was seen as permanent and embedded in the workings
of the universe
- a few women, particularly the wives, concubines, or widows of
emperors, were able on occasion to exercise considerable political
authority
- other praised women of virtue as wise counselors to their fathers,
husbands and rulers and depicted them positively as active agents
How and why did China patriarchy change following the collapse of the
Han dynasty in the 3rd century CE? Correct Answers centralized
government vanished amid much political fragmentation and conflict.
Confucianism, the main ideology of Han China, was discredited, while
Daoism and Buddhism attracted a growing following. Pastoral and
VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT | ALREADY GRADED
A
How have traditional class and gender hierarchies changed in the past
250 years? Correct Answers the abolitionist movement of the nineteenth
century attacked slavery, largely unquestioned for millenia; the women's
movement has confronted long and deeply held patriarchal assumptions
about the proper relationship between the sexes
How have they stayed the same Correct Answers like the first
civilizations, those of the second-wave era were sharply divided along
class lines, and they too were patriarchal, with women clearly
subordinated to men in most domains of life
What philosophical values shaped Chinese society during the second-
wave era of the Han dynasty (2nd century BCE - 3rd century BCE)? Be
able to show the impact of Confucianism Correct Answers -
philosophers such as Confucius had long advocated selecting such
officials on the basis of merit and personal morality rather than birth or
wealth. As the Han dynasty established its authority in China around
200 BCE, in rulers required each province to send men of promise to the
capital, where they were examined and chosen for official positions on
the basis of their performance
define caste (Varna) and the five major ranks (Braham, Kshatriya,
Vaisya, Sudra, and Untouchables) Correct Answers - whatever the
precise origins of the caste system, by around 500 BCE, the idea that
society was forever divided into four ranked classes, or varnas, was
,deeply embedded in Indian thinking, everyone was born into and
remained within one of these classes for life
- Brahmins were priests whose rituals and sacrifices alone could ensure
the proper functioning of the world
- Kshatriya were warriors and rulers charged with protecting and
governing society
- Vaisya were originally commoners who cultivated the land
- the first three came to be regarded as pure Aryans and were called the
"twice-born", for they experienced not only a physical birth but also
formal initiation into their respective varnas and status as people of
prestigious Aryan descent
- Sudras were native peoples incorporated into the margins of Aryan
society in very subordinate positions
- the untouchables were men and women who did the work considered
most unclean and polluting
What were the origins and the role of slavery in the Roman world?
Correct Answers - some have suggested that the early domestication of
animals provided a model for enslaving people, slave owners have
everywhere compared their slaves to tamed animals
- slavery played an immense role in the Mediterranean, or Western,
world. Although slavery was practiced in Chinese, Indian, and Persian
civilizations, in the Greco-Roman world society was based on slavery.
By a conservative estimate, classical Athens alone was home to perhaps
60,000 slaves, or about one-third of the total population. In Athens,
ironically, the growth of democracy and citizenship was defined and
accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a mass scales,
, some people were "slaves by nature" and should be enslaved for their
own good and for that of the larger society
What distinguished Roman slavery from slavery in other countries?
Correct Answers - the vast majority of Roman slaves had been captured
in the many wars that accompanied the creation of the empire
- unlike American slavery of later times, Roman practice was not
identified with a particular racial or ethnic group
- like slave owners everywhere, Romans regarded their slaves as
"barbarians" - lazy, unreliable, immoral, prone to thieving - and came to
think of certain peoples, such as Asiatic Greeks, Syrians, and Jews, as
slaves by nature
In what ways were women "active agents in the histories of their
societies" despite the contsraints of patriarchy? Correct Answers -
female inferiority was seen as permanent and embedded in the workings
of the universe
- a few women, particularly the wives, concubines, or widows of
emperors, were able on occasion to exercise considerable political
authority
- other praised women of virtue as wise counselors to their fathers,
husbands and rulers and depicted them positively as active agents
How and why did China patriarchy change following the collapse of the
Han dynasty in the 3rd century CE? Correct Answers centralized
government vanished amid much political fragmentation and conflict.
Confucianism, the main ideology of Han China, was discredited, while
Daoism and Buddhism attracted a growing following. Pastoral and
