DAVITA RN FINAL EXAMINATION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What are the kidneys excretory functions. Answer: To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
⩥ What is the function of the acid concentration. Answer: Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
⩥ What is the function of bicarbonate. Answer: Buffers the acid
concentrate
⩥ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia. Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
⩥ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
⩥ What are the kidneys endocrine functions. Answer: Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
⩥ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions. Answer:
Provide medications
,⩥ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
⩥ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?. Answer: Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
⩥ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?. Answer:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
⩥ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD. Answer: -slowing
the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
⩥ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD. Answer:
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
,⩥ Why is sodium balance important?. Answer: Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular
resistance, and increased blood pressure
⩥ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance. Answer: Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
⩥ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems. Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and
lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN
and physician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
⩥ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension. Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
⩥ What is Percarditis?. Answer: Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
⩥ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. Answer:
fluid overload
⩥ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to. Answer: Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
, ⩥ Why are dialysis patients anemic?. Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red
blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
⩥ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and blood
loss in dialysis patients. Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin
Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose is administered, rinse back until venous
line is pink tinged, and avoid repeat lab draws
⩥ What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD-mineral bone
disorder(MBD). Answer: 1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. PTH
4. Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
⩥ What are the symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease.
Answer: Soft tissue calcification, itching, muscle weakness, pathological
fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis,
heart disease
⩥ What is your role in CKD-MBD management. Answer: *report
symptoms * urge patients to take meds (home & treatment)
*report noncompliance problems related to nonadherence
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What are the kidneys excretory functions. Answer: To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
⩥ What is the function of the acid concentration. Answer: Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
⩥ What is the function of bicarbonate. Answer: Buffers the acid
concentrate
⩥ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia. Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
⩥ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia. Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
⩥ What are the kidneys endocrine functions. Answer: Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
⩥ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions. Answer:
Provide medications
,⩥ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
⩥ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?. Answer: Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
⩥ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?. Answer:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
⩥ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD. Answer: -slowing
the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
⩥ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD. Answer:
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
,⩥ Why is sodium balance important?. Answer: Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular
resistance, and increased blood pressure
⩥ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance. Answer: Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
⩥ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems. Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and
lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN
and physician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
⩥ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension. Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
⩥ What is Percarditis?. Answer: Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
⩥ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients. Answer:
fluid overload
⩥ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to. Answer: Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
, ⩥ Why are dialysis patients anemic?. Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red
blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
⩥ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and blood
loss in dialysis patients. Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin
Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose is administered, rinse back until venous
line is pink tinged, and avoid repeat lab draws
⩥ What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD-mineral bone
disorder(MBD). Answer: 1. Calcium
2. Phosphorus
3. PTH
4. Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
⩥ What are the symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease.
Answer: Soft tissue calcification, itching, muscle weakness, pathological
fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis,
heart disease
⩥ What is your role in CKD-MBD management. Answer: *report
symptoms * urge patients to take meds (home & treatment)
*report noncompliance problems related to nonadherence
