BIOL 1201 GREGG LATEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and protein, free=cytosol,
bound =ER or nuclear envelope
✔✔endomembrane system includes - ✔✔nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔A system of membranes that is found in a cell's
cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and
in the production of lipids.
✔✔Smooth ER - ✔✔That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
synthesizes lipids, carbs, detoxifies drugs and poison, stores calcium ions
✔✔Rough ER - ✔✔Surface studded with ribosomes, secrete glycoproteins, distributes
transport vesicles, membrane factory for the cell
✔✔Golgi apparatus - ✔✔stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, manufactures certain
macromolecules,
✔✔Lysosomes - ✔✔membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules. ysosomal enzymes work best in acidic environment inside lysosome.
hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes are made by rough ER and then
transferred to the golgi for further processing
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells (eating)
✔✔Autophagy - ✔✔Eat the self, use enzymes to recycle the cells own organelles and
macromolecules
, ✔✔Vacuoles - ✔✔Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
✔✔energy organelles - ✔✔mitochondria (cellular respiration) and chloroplasts
(photosynthesis)
✔✔Microtubules - ✔✔A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of
the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. Guide
movement of cell, separate chromosomes
✔✔Microfilaments - ✔✔a small rodlike structure, about 4-7 nanometers in diameter,
present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. Contain myosin and actin
(muscle contraction)
✔✔cytoplasmic streaming - ✔✔A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin
filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.
✔✔intermediate filaments - ✔✔A component of the cytoskeleton that includes all
filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments, support cell
shape and anchor organelles in place, keratin
✔✔cell wall - ✔✔A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell, plant cells. Primary -thin, Middle Lamella- between primary walls of
adjacent cells, secondary cell wall, between plasma membrane and primary cell wall
✔✔Cellular Junctions - ✔✔regions in the plasma membrane where cells make contact
with and adhere to other cells or the extracellular matrix
✔✔extracellular matrix - ✔✔The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded,
consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
✔✔Simple Diffusion - ✔✔- net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration
gradient
✔✔Facilitated Diffuson - ✔✔Form of passive transport, Uses protein channel to
distribute molecules, gated channels open/close in response to stimulus, moves down
its concentration gradient
✔✔Active Transport - ✔✔Moves solutes from high concentration to low concentration,
requires energy from ATP hydrolysis, move against concentration gradient
=
✔✔voltage - ✔✔created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions
across a membrane
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and protein, free=cytosol,
bound =ER or nuclear envelope
✔✔endomembrane system includes - ✔✔nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
✔✔Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔A system of membranes that is found in a cell's
cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and
in the production of lipids.
✔✔Smooth ER - ✔✔That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
synthesizes lipids, carbs, detoxifies drugs and poison, stores calcium ions
✔✔Rough ER - ✔✔Surface studded with ribosomes, secrete glycoproteins, distributes
transport vesicles, membrane factory for the cell
✔✔Golgi apparatus - ✔✔stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and
packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, manufactures certain
macromolecules,
✔✔Lysosomes - ✔✔membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest
macromolecules. ysosomal enzymes work best in acidic environment inside lysosome.
hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membranes are made by rough ER and then
transferred to the golgi for further processing
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or
whole cells (eating)
✔✔Autophagy - ✔✔Eat the self, use enzymes to recycle the cells own organelles and
macromolecules
, ✔✔Vacuoles - ✔✔Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and
carbohydrates
✔✔energy organelles - ✔✔mitochondria (cellular respiration) and chloroplasts
(photosynthesis)
✔✔Microtubules - ✔✔A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of
the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella. Guide
movement of cell, separate chromosomes
✔✔Microfilaments - ✔✔a small rodlike structure, about 4-7 nanometers in diameter,
present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. Contain myosin and actin
(muscle contraction)
✔✔cytoplasmic streaming - ✔✔A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin
filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.
✔✔intermediate filaments - ✔✔A component of the cytoskeleton that includes all
filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments, support cell
shape and anchor organelles in place, keratin
✔✔cell wall - ✔✔A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell, plant cells. Primary -thin, Middle Lamella- between primary walls of
adjacent cells, secondary cell wall, between plasma membrane and primary cell wall
✔✔Cellular Junctions - ✔✔regions in the plasma membrane where cells make contact
with and adhere to other cells or the extracellular matrix
✔✔extracellular matrix - ✔✔The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded,
consisting of protein and polysaccharides.
✔✔Simple Diffusion - ✔✔- net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration
gradient
✔✔Facilitated Diffuson - ✔✔Form of passive transport, Uses protein channel to
distribute molecules, gated channels open/close in response to stimulus, moves down
its concentration gradient
✔✔Active Transport - ✔✔Moves solutes from high concentration to low concentration,
requires energy from ATP hydrolysis, move against concentration gradient
=
✔✔voltage - ✔✔created by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions
across a membrane
