CNSC EXAM 2026-2027 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100 % PASS SOLUTION
A+ GRADE
Increased acetate supplementation in parenteral nutrition is most likely to be required in
1. respiratory failure.
2. intractable diarrhea.
3. prolonged vomiting.
4. furosemide treatment. - answer>>intractable diarrhea
Which of the following is a indication for the use of parenteral nutrition (PN)?
1: High output fistula
2: Crohn's disease
3: Pancreatitis
4: Hyperemesis gravidarum - answer>>1: High output fistula
Which of the following can result in an invalid indirect calorimetry (IC) measurement? -
answer>>air leaks; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; hemodialysis; Fi02 > 60 in
mechanically ventilated patients;
How should a critically ill patient's energy delivery be modified in response to resting energy
expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry? - answer>>Used as the caloric target
without addition of stress or activity factors.
A respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.87 most likely suggests - answer>>mixed substrate utilization. a
mix of use of carbs, proteins and fats. a good thing
An RQ <0.7 or >1.0 may result from - answer>>hypoventilation or hyperventilation
Which of the following predictive equations has demonstrated the greatest accuracy in
estimating actual resting metabolic rate in healthy obese and nonobese adults? -
answer>>mifflin
,Cheilosis, cracking of the corners of the mouth, is observed with a deficiency of -
answer>>riboflavin.
Malnutrition is most common in which form of inflammatory bowel disease? - answer>>crohns
disease
Appropriate treatment for ascites includes and restriction. Protein intake
should be g/kg/d for patients with cirrhosis. - answer>>fluid and sodium , 1.0 - 1.5
Arginine supplementation should be used most cautiously in which of the following patients? -
answer>>Septic shock patients
What is the approximate normal length of small intestine in adults? - answer>>300-600 cm
What is the primary fuel of the colonocytes? - answer>>Short chain fatty acids
Dietary fat is predominately absorbed in what part of the gastrointestinal tract? -
answer>>Duodenum and proximal jejunum- the proximal small bowel
Gastrectomy patients are at risk for a deficiency of which vitamin? - answer>>B12 because the
parietal cells in the stomach secret intrinsic factor which aids the absorption of B12 in the small
bowel
Which of the following areas of the gastrointestinal tract has the LEAST impact on nutrient
absorption and intestinal adaptation following significant intestinal resection? -
answer>>jejunum
Which of the following is associated with adaptation to starvation? - answer>>increase lipid
oxidation
Valproic acid, an antiepileptic drug, has been shown to induce deficiency of which nutrient? -
answer>>carnitine which is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids
,The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate acts by interfering with the normal intracellular
metabolism of which of the following nutrients? - answer>>folate
What vitamin absorption is most likely to be impaired with chronic use of proton pump inhibitor
therapy? - answer>>vitamin B12, as they alter gastric secretions and therefore intrinsic factor
An 85 year old woman is admitted to the hospital with a history of stroke, dysphagia, poor
appetite and oral intake for one month and 10% weight loss. The patient is evaluated by the
speech pathologist who recommends a pureed, honey thick liquid diet. Which nutrition
intervention would be most appropriate for this patient? - answer>>Initiate nocturnal enteral
nutrition
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause constipation in a patient receiving
enteral nutrition (EN)? - answer>>codeine and other opioids
Which of the following is appropriate to tell a family regarding nutrition at the end of life? -
answer>>1: Dying patients rarely feel hungry or thirsty
2: Fewer calories are needed at the end of life
3: Patients should not be made to feel guilty if they do not wish to eat
Autonomy is ... - answer>>an ethical principle based on respecting and upholding the patient's
right to self-determination.
Beneficence is defined as ... - answer>>an ethical principle when health care providers actively
seek the good of the patient above all other priorities
Nonmalfeasance: - answer>>"to do no harm" relates to health care providers actively seeking to
prevent, minimize and relive needless suffering and pain avoid harming the patient.
Justice in healthcare is related to - answer>>the fair distribution of resources.
, ANH can be withheld or withdrawn in patients with a DNR or DNAR if - answer>>all concerned
agree ANH is not meeting the agreed-upon goal.
Which of the following best describes the use of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in
terminally ill patients? - answer>>Those who forego ANH experience fewer side effects
In an older adult who requires long-term home EN, which of the following complications is most
often overlooked? - answer>>Decreased urine output
Vitamin D (25, hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency is defined as a serum level of less than -
answer>>20 ng/mL.
Vitamin D (25, hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency can manifest as - answer>>muscle weakness;
hypertension; hyperlipidemia, PTH production is increased.
Which of the following is the hallmark of frailty seen with older adults? - answer>>Sarcopenia
An older adult receiving PN therapy may be more susceptible to metabolic complications related
to - answer>>insulin resistance, impaired cardiac and renal functions and micronutrient
deficiencies
Which of the following tools includes the assessment of a long-term care resident's ability to
maintain adequate nutrition and hydration and is mandated by the Center for Medicare and
Medicaid (CMS) for certified long-term care facilities? - answer>>Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Which one of the following vitamin deficiencies is most likely to occur in a person who
consumes alcohol on a regular basis? - answer>>B1- Thiamin
Which of the following medications is most likely to contribute to hyponatremia in an older
adult? - answer>>Hydrochlorothiazide- diuretics
An assessment of functional status may aid in determining nutrition risk. Which of the following
provides an assessment of functional status? - answer>>Handgrip strength assessment
A+ GRADE
Increased acetate supplementation in parenteral nutrition is most likely to be required in
1. respiratory failure.
2. intractable diarrhea.
3. prolonged vomiting.
4. furosemide treatment. - answer>>intractable diarrhea
Which of the following is a indication for the use of parenteral nutrition (PN)?
1: High output fistula
2: Crohn's disease
3: Pancreatitis
4: Hyperemesis gravidarum - answer>>1: High output fistula
Which of the following can result in an invalid indirect calorimetry (IC) measurement? -
answer>>air leaks; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; hemodialysis; Fi02 > 60 in
mechanically ventilated patients;
How should a critically ill patient's energy delivery be modified in response to resting energy
expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry? - answer>>Used as the caloric target
without addition of stress or activity factors.
A respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.87 most likely suggests - answer>>mixed substrate utilization. a
mix of use of carbs, proteins and fats. a good thing
An RQ <0.7 or >1.0 may result from - answer>>hypoventilation or hyperventilation
Which of the following predictive equations has demonstrated the greatest accuracy in
estimating actual resting metabolic rate in healthy obese and nonobese adults? -
answer>>mifflin
,Cheilosis, cracking of the corners of the mouth, is observed with a deficiency of -
answer>>riboflavin.
Malnutrition is most common in which form of inflammatory bowel disease? - answer>>crohns
disease
Appropriate treatment for ascites includes and restriction. Protein intake
should be g/kg/d for patients with cirrhosis. - answer>>fluid and sodium , 1.0 - 1.5
Arginine supplementation should be used most cautiously in which of the following patients? -
answer>>Septic shock patients
What is the approximate normal length of small intestine in adults? - answer>>300-600 cm
What is the primary fuel of the colonocytes? - answer>>Short chain fatty acids
Dietary fat is predominately absorbed in what part of the gastrointestinal tract? -
answer>>Duodenum and proximal jejunum- the proximal small bowel
Gastrectomy patients are at risk for a deficiency of which vitamin? - answer>>B12 because the
parietal cells in the stomach secret intrinsic factor which aids the absorption of B12 in the small
bowel
Which of the following areas of the gastrointestinal tract has the LEAST impact on nutrient
absorption and intestinal adaptation following significant intestinal resection? -
answer>>jejunum
Which of the following is associated with adaptation to starvation? - answer>>increase lipid
oxidation
Valproic acid, an antiepileptic drug, has been shown to induce deficiency of which nutrient? -
answer>>carnitine which is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids
,The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate acts by interfering with the normal intracellular
metabolism of which of the following nutrients? - answer>>folate
What vitamin absorption is most likely to be impaired with chronic use of proton pump inhibitor
therapy? - answer>>vitamin B12, as they alter gastric secretions and therefore intrinsic factor
An 85 year old woman is admitted to the hospital with a history of stroke, dysphagia, poor
appetite and oral intake for one month and 10% weight loss. The patient is evaluated by the
speech pathologist who recommends a pureed, honey thick liquid diet. Which nutrition
intervention would be most appropriate for this patient? - answer>>Initiate nocturnal enteral
nutrition
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause constipation in a patient receiving
enteral nutrition (EN)? - answer>>codeine and other opioids
Which of the following is appropriate to tell a family regarding nutrition at the end of life? -
answer>>1: Dying patients rarely feel hungry or thirsty
2: Fewer calories are needed at the end of life
3: Patients should not be made to feel guilty if they do not wish to eat
Autonomy is ... - answer>>an ethical principle based on respecting and upholding the patient's
right to self-determination.
Beneficence is defined as ... - answer>>an ethical principle when health care providers actively
seek the good of the patient above all other priorities
Nonmalfeasance: - answer>>"to do no harm" relates to health care providers actively seeking to
prevent, minimize and relive needless suffering and pain avoid harming the patient.
Justice in healthcare is related to - answer>>the fair distribution of resources.
, ANH can be withheld or withdrawn in patients with a DNR or DNAR if - answer>>all concerned
agree ANH is not meeting the agreed-upon goal.
Which of the following best describes the use of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in
terminally ill patients? - answer>>Those who forego ANH experience fewer side effects
In an older adult who requires long-term home EN, which of the following complications is most
often overlooked? - answer>>Decreased urine output
Vitamin D (25, hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency is defined as a serum level of less than -
answer>>20 ng/mL.
Vitamin D (25, hydroxyvitamin D) deficiency can manifest as - answer>>muscle weakness;
hypertension; hyperlipidemia, PTH production is increased.
Which of the following is the hallmark of frailty seen with older adults? - answer>>Sarcopenia
An older adult receiving PN therapy may be more susceptible to metabolic complications related
to - answer>>insulin resistance, impaired cardiac and renal functions and micronutrient
deficiencies
Which of the following tools includes the assessment of a long-term care resident's ability to
maintain adequate nutrition and hydration and is mandated by the Center for Medicare and
Medicaid (CMS) for certified long-term care facilities? - answer>>Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Which one of the following vitamin deficiencies is most likely to occur in a person who
consumes alcohol on a regular basis? - answer>>B1- Thiamin
Which of the following medications is most likely to contribute to hyponatremia in an older
adult? - answer>>Hydrochlorothiazide- diuretics
An assessment of functional status may aid in determining nutrition risk. Which of the following
provides an assessment of functional status? - answer>>Handgrip strength assessment
