API 571CERTIFICATIONS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE CHOICES GUARANTEED ANSWERS

a term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (austenite) normally found in 300 Series stainless steels and nickel base alloys. - correct answers Austenitic the 300 Series stainless steels including Types 304, 304L, 304H, 309, 310, 316, 316L, 316H, 321, 321H, 347, and 347H. The "L" and "H" suffixes refer to controlled ranges of low and high carbon content, respectively. These alloys are characterized by an austenitic structure. - correct answers Austenitic stainless steels steels that do not have alloying elements intentionally added. However, there may be small amounts of elements permitted by specifications such as SA516 and SA106, for example that can affect corrosion resistance, hardness after welding, and toughness. Elements which may be found in small quantities include Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu, S, Si, P, Al, V and B. - correct answers Carbon steel used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon streams. - correct answers Diethanolamine (DEA) a family of stainless steels that contain a mixed austenitic-ferritic structure including Alloy 2205, 2304, and 2507. The welds of 300 series stainless steels may also exhibit a duplex structure. - correct answers Duplex stainless steel a term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (ferrite) normally found in carbon and low alloy steels and many 400 series stainless steels. - correct answers Ferritic include Types 405, 409, 430, 442, and 446. - correct answers Ferritic stainless steels the portion of the base metal adjacent to a weld which has not been melted, but whose metallurgical microstructure and mechanical properties have been changed by the heat of welding, sometimes with undesirable effects. - correct answers Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) describes stepwise internal cracks that connect adjacent hydrogen blisters on different planes in the metal, or to the metal surface. No externally applied stress is needed for the formation of HIC. The development of internal cracks (sometimes referred to as blister cracks) tends to link with other cracks by a transgranular plastic shear mechanism because of internal pressure resulting from the accumulation of hydrogen. The link-up of these cracks on different planes in steels has been referred to as stepwise cracking to characterize the nature of the crack appearance. - correct answers Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) a family of steels containing up to 9% chromium and other alloying additions for high temperature strength and creep resistance. The materials include C-0.5Mo, Mn-0.5Mo, 1Cr-0.5Mo, 1.25 Cr-0.5Mo, 2.25Cr-1.0Mo, 5Cr-0.5Mo, and 9Cr-1Mo. These are considered ferritic steels. - correct answers Low alloy steel term that refers to a type of metallurgical structure (martensite) normally found in some 400 series stainless steel. Heat treatment and or welding followed by rapid cooling can produce this structure in carbon and low alloy steels. - correct answers Martensitic include Types 410, 410S, 416, 420, 440A, 440B, and 440C. - correct answers Martensitic stainless steel used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon streams. - correct answers Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) used in amine treating to remove H2S and CO2 from hydrocarbon streams. - correct answers Monoethanolamine (MEA) a family of alloys containing nickel as a major alloying element (30%) including Alloys 200, 400, K-500, 800, 800H, 825, 600, 600H, 617, 625, 718, X-750, and C276. - correct answers Nickel base describes an array of cracks, aligned nearly perpendicular to the stress, that are formed by the link-up of small HIC cracks in steel. Tensile strength (residual or applied) is required to produce SOHIC. SOHIC is commonly observed in the base metal adjacent to the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of a weld, oriented in the through-thickness direction. SOHIC may also be produced in susceptible steels at other high stress points, such as from the tip of the mechanical cracks and defects, or from the interaction among HIC on different planes in the steel. - correct answers Stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC) there are four categories of stainless steels that are characterized by their metallurgical structure at room temperature: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic and duplex. These alloys have varying amounts of chromium and other alloying elements that give them resistance to oxidation, sulfidation and other forms of corrosion depending on the alloy content. - correct answers Stainless steel What hydrocarbon stream produced on a crude unit will hat the most sulfur. A. Gas Oil B. Kerosene C. Diesel D. Gasoline - correct answers A. Gas Oil What is the typical length of time for a coke drum cycle on a DCU. A. 1 hour B. 10 hours C. 1 day D. 10 days - correct answers C. 1 Day When evaluation the water chemistry, what is the desired pH of the condensate (water) that condensed in the Main Fractionator at the DCU A. 1.0 to 2.0 B. 4.0 to 5.0 C. 6.0 to 7.0 D 9.0 to 10.0 - correct answers C. 6.0 to 7.0 In many refinery units, water and H2s combine to form which of the following corrosive agents. A. Wet H2s B. Sulfuric Acid C. Sodium Hydroxide D. Sulfur Naptha Acid - correct answers A. Wet H2S A Catalytic Cracking Unit will do which of the following: A. Combine small hydrocarbon chains B. Thermally crack hydrocarbon chains into smaller chains C. Produce significant amounts of gasoline D. Produce significant amounts of coke that will need to be cut of the reactor - correct answers C. Produce significant amounts of gasoline A neutralizer injected into the Crude Unit Atmospheric Overhead Condenser system, is injected for the purpose of neutralizing what type of acid. A. Hydrochloric B. Sulfuric C. Hydrofluoric D. H2S - correct answers A. Hydrochloric A crude unit that is processing a high sulfur material operates consistently, which of the following streams produced from the tower is most likely to contain the most sulfur A. Diesel B. Atmospheric tower bottoms C. Kerosene D. Gasoline - correct answers B. Atmospheric tower bottoms Which of the following streams from the Crude Unit are potentially going to have the most nitrogen compounds A. Heavy Gas Oil B. Gasoline C. Diesel D. Kerosene - correct answers A. Heavy Gas Oil Is Chloride ion corrosive. A. Yes Always B. Yes but only when combined with water C. Yes, but only when combined with both water and hydrocarbons D. Yes, but only when combined with hydrocarbons - correct answers B. Yes, but only when combined with water A Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) will do which of the following? A. Combine small hydrocarbons chains into bigger chains B. Thermally cracking large hydrogen chains into smaller chains C. Produce significant amounts of gasoline and diesel D. Consume all HCN (Cyanide) in the feed - correct answers C. Produce significant amounts of gasoline and diesel In reference to the following list, what is the order of distillation on a crude distillation unit? Start with the top stream. A. Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene B. Diesel, Gasoline, Kerosene C. Gasoline, Reside, Gas Oil D. Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel - correct answers D. Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel The Gas Oil stream on a crude distillation unit will go to what downstream unit for further processing? A. Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCC) B. The Desalter C. The Delayed Coker Unit (DCU) D. The Hydrogen plant - correct answers A. Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCC) What can be done to mitigate spikes of chlorides in the crude unit atmospheric overhead condensing system?