NURS 226 Midterm – Nursing Leadership & Management Study Guide and
Practice Questions
Critical thinking skills - ANS ✔✔gathering and evaluating information utilizing observation,
reflection, experience, reasoning, and communication.
Situational awareness - ANS ✔✔aware of surroundings, focus and intention, present in
moment, evaluation of immediate situation to determine safety risks.
Clinical Judgment - ANS ✔✔decisions making in a clinical situation that involved critical
thinking; used in every patient encounter; ability to process all the information and decide how
to act upon this information.
Systematic - ANS ✔✔part of an ordered sequence of activities.
Dynamic - ANS ✔✔great interaction and overlapping among 5 steps.
Interpersonal - ANS ✔✔human being is always at the hearts of nursing.
Outcomes oriented - ANS ✔✔nurses and patients work together to identify outcomes.
Universally applicable - ANS ✔✔a framework for all nursing activities.
Assessment - ANS ✔✔family history, risk behaviors, potential outcomes; signs and symptoms.
Diagnosis (nursing diagnosis) - ANS ✔✔analyzing, synthesizing, and interpreting data; can be an
actual diagnosis or risk diagnosis (make a prevention plan).
,Planning - ANS ✔✔talk with the patient to plan; predict complications, set priorities,
anticipating consequences, considering actions, decision making.
Implementation - ANS ✔✔taking action, monitoring responses, making adjustments.
Evaluating - ANS ✔✔evaluate success, making changes, repeating ADPIE as needed.
Comprehensive Health Assessment - ANS ✔✔Patients' current health problems, past history,
family history, review of systems, health patterns; basis for assessing patient concerns, health
status, risk factors, and health promotion.
Initial Assessment - ANS ✔✔Shortly after patient admission; establish complete data base for
problem identification; done to determine plan of care.
Focused Assessment - ANS ✔✔May be done during initial assessment if patients problems
surface; identify new or overlooked problems.
Quick Priority Assessment - ANS ✔✔Short, focused, prioritized; gain most important
information that you need to have first.
Emergency Assessment - ANS ✔✔Identify life threatening problems; physiologic or psychologic
crisis; airway, breathing, circulation.
Time-Lapsed Assessment - ANS ✔✔Scheduled to compare a patient's current status to the
baseline data obtained earlier; patients in residential settings & those receiving nursing care
over longer periods of time; homebound patients with visiting nurses.
Objective data - ANS ✔✔Observable and measurable data that can be seen, heard, or felt by
someone other than the person experiencing them (temp., vomiting, skin moisture).
, Subjective data - ANS ✔✔Information perceived only by the affected person (pain experience,
feeling dizzy, feeling anxious).
OLDCART - ANS ✔✔onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating factors, relieving
factors, treatment.
ICE - ANS ✔✔Impact on ADLs, Coping strategies, Emotional response.
Cues and Inferences - ANS ✔✔Used to describe the early analysis of data; the subjective and
objective data.
Validating Assessment Data - ANS ✔✔Confirming/verifying; purpose: keep data free from error,
bias, and misinterpretation.
Clustering Data & Identifying Patterns - ANS ✔✔Look for patterns in organized data—pull out
the relevant information; think about a hypothesis you may have formed while gathering your
patients data.
Diagnosis and Problems Identification - ANS ✔✔The process that begins after the nursing
history and the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data.
Purpose of Nursing Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔1. Identify how a person, group, or community responds
to actual or potential health and life processes. 2. Identify factors that contribute to or cause
health problems (etiology). 3. Identify resources or strengths that the person, groups,
community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
Nursing Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔Clinical judgment about individual, family, community responses to
actual or potential health problems, providing the basis for selecting nursing interventions to
achieve outcomes.
Practice Questions
Critical thinking skills - ANS ✔✔gathering and evaluating information utilizing observation,
reflection, experience, reasoning, and communication.
Situational awareness - ANS ✔✔aware of surroundings, focus and intention, present in
moment, evaluation of immediate situation to determine safety risks.
Clinical Judgment - ANS ✔✔decisions making in a clinical situation that involved critical
thinking; used in every patient encounter; ability to process all the information and decide how
to act upon this information.
Systematic - ANS ✔✔part of an ordered sequence of activities.
Dynamic - ANS ✔✔great interaction and overlapping among 5 steps.
Interpersonal - ANS ✔✔human being is always at the hearts of nursing.
Outcomes oriented - ANS ✔✔nurses and patients work together to identify outcomes.
Universally applicable - ANS ✔✔a framework for all nursing activities.
Assessment - ANS ✔✔family history, risk behaviors, potential outcomes; signs and symptoms.
Diagnosis (nursing diagnosis) - ANS ✔✔analyzing, synthesizing, and interpreting data; can be an
actual diagnosis or risk diagnosis (make a prevention plan).
,Planning - ANS ✔✔talk with the patient to plan; predict complications, set priorities,
anticipating consequences, considering actions, decision making.
Implementation - ANS ✔✔taking action, monitoring responses, making adjustments.
Evaluating - ANS ✔✔evaluate success, making changes, repeating ADPIE as needed.
Comprehensive Health Assessment - ANS ✔✔Patients' current health problems, past history,
family history, review of systems, health patterns; basis for assessing patient concerns, health
status, risk factors, and health promotion.
Initial Assessment - ANS ✔✔Shortly after patient admission; establish complete data base for
problem identification; done to determine plan of care.
Focused Assessment - ANS ✔✔May be done during initial assessment if patients problems
surface; identify new or overlooked problems.
Quick Priority Assessment - ANS ✔✔Short, focused, prioritized; gain most important
information that you need to have first.
Emergency Assessment - ANS ✔✔Identify life threatening problems; physiologic or psychologic
crisis; airway, breathing, circulation.
Time-Lapsed Assessment - ANS ✔✔Scheduled to compare a patient's current status to the
baseline data obtained earlier; patients in residential settings & those receiving nursing care
over longer periods of time; homebound patients with visiting nurses.
Objective data - ANS ✔✔Observable and measurable data that can be seen, heard, or felt by
someone other than the person experiencing them (temp., vomiting, skin moisture).
, Subjective data - ANS ✔✔Information perceived only by the affected person (pain experience,
feeling dizzy, feeling anxious).
OLDCART - ANS ✔✔onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravating factors, relieving
factors, treatment.
ICE - ANS ✔✔Impact on ADLs, Coping strategies, Emotional response.
Cues and Inferences - ANS ✔✔Used to describe the early analysis of data; the subjective and
objective data.
Validating Assessment Data - ANS ✔✔Confirming/verifying; purpose: keep data free from error,
bias, and misinterpretation.
Clustering Data & Identifying Patterns - ANS ✔✔Look for patterns in organized data—pull out
the relevant information; think about a hypothesis you may have formed while gathering your
patients data.
Diagnosis and Problems Identification - ANS ✔✔The process that begins after the nursing
history and the nurse has collected and recorded the patient data.
Purpose of Nursing Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔1. Identify how a person, group, or community responds
to actual or potential health and life processes. 2. Identify factors that contribute to or cause
health problems (etiology). 3. Identify resources or strengths that the person, groups,
community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems.
Nursing Diagnosis - ANS ✔✔Clinical judgment about individual, family, community responses to
actual or potential health problems, providing the basis for selecting nursing interventions to
achieve outcomes.
