PNVN1631 EXAM 1 PRACTICE PAPER 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● NYHA class 1 heart failure (Minimal) Answer: No symptoms and no
limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. shortness of breath when
walking, climbing stairs etc.
●● NYHA class 2 heart failure (Mild) Answer: Mild symptoms (mild
shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary
activity.
Symptoms: fatigue palpitations, dyspnea, or angina pain
●● NYHA class 3 heart failure (Moderate) Answer: Marked limitation in
activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g.
walking short distances (20—100 m).Comfortable only at rest.
Symptoms: fatigue palpitations, dyspnea, or angina pain
●● NYHA class 4 heart failure (Severe) Answer: Severe limitations.
Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.
, ●● Grade 1 edema Answer: 0-2 mm indentation, rebounds immediately
●● Grade 2 edema Answer: 3-4 mm indentation, rebounds in <15
seconds
●● Grade 3 edema Answer: 5-6 mm indentation, up to 30-60 seconds to
rebound
●● Grade 4 edema Answer: 8 mm indentation
Up to 2-5 minutes to rebound
●● What does an electrocardiogram measure and what would indicate a
fatal outcome? Answer: Ejection fraction
V-tach & V-fib (must take immediate action)
Normal: 55-70%
Abnormal 35-40 %
HF: 35%
Severe HF: <30%
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
●● NYHA class 1 heart failure (Minimal) Answer: No symptoms and no
limitation in ordinary physical activity, e.g. shortness of breath when
walking, climbing stairs etc.
●● NYHA class 2 heart failure (Mild) Answer: Mild symptoms (mild
shortness of breath and/or angina) and slight limitation during ordinary
activity.
Symptoms: fatigue palpitations, dyspnea, or angina pain
●● NYHA class 3 heart failure (Moderate) Answer: Marked limitation in
activity due to symptoms, even during less-than-ordinary activity, e.g.
walking short distances (20—100 m).Comfortable only at rest.
Symptoms: fatigue palpitations, dyspnea, or angina pain
●● NYHA class 4 heart failure (Severe) Answer: Severe limitations.
Experiences symptoms even while at rest. Mostly bedbound patients.
, ●● Grade 1 edema Answer: 0-2 mm indentation, rebounds immediately
●● Grade 2 edema Answer: 3-4 mm indentation, rebounds in <15
seconds
●● Grade 3 edema Answer: 5-6 mm indentation, up to 30-60 seconds to
rebound
●● Grade 4 edema Answer: 8 mm indentation
Up to 2-5 minutes to rebound
●● What does an electrocardiogram measure and what would indicate a
fatal outcome? Answer: Ejection fraction
V-tach & V-fib (must take immediate action)
Normal: 55-70%
Abnormal 35-40 %
HF: 35%
Severe HF: <30%
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
