PSYC 333 Midterm 1 – Psychology course exam material
personality theory is... - correct answer ✔✔a grand theory that tries to explain personality for
all people
who was the first ti develop a grand theory of personality? - correct answer ✔✔Freud
in personality theory, there tends to be a conflict between... - correct answer ✔✔people who
focus on science and people who focus on humanism
a scientific theory is... - correct answer ✔✔a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to
use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
a set of assumptions need to be... - correct answer ✔✔related to each other, coherent and a
related set of ideas
a useful theory should allow researchers to... - correct answer ✔✔develop a hypothesis that
can be examined through the collection of empirical data, be falsifiable or accountable to
research results, organize research data into a coherent simple structure, and provide
explanations for scientific research
4 things a science is not: - correct answer ✔✔1- philosphy
2- specualtion
3- a hypothesis
4- taxonomy
6 things that make a theory useful: - correct answer ✔✔1- generates research
2-is falsifiable
,3-organizes data
4-guides action
5-internally consistent
6- is parsimonious
what are the 2 major tasks in personality theory? - correct answer ✔✔1- analyze human nature
and describe the universal features of human behavior
2- describe individual differences and define major dimensions of human behavior
what are the 3 main methods of assessment? - correct answer ✔✔self report, physiological
assessments, and behavioral obseration
what is self report?
what are the advantages and disadvantages? - correct answer ✔✔when people are asked
questions about themselves
advantage: you know yourself the best, its really quick and efficient
disadvantage: people might lie or not be self aware
what are physiological assessments?
what are the advantages and disadvantages? - correct answer ✔✔tracking peoples physiological
activy or bodily reactions (ex., hormones, heart rate, act...)
advantages: objective and measurable, concrete
disadvantages: have to know the context (ex., what made the persons heart rate elevate?)
what is behavioural observation? - correct answer ✔✔it includes watching and evaluating of a
persons behavior in a given situation, watching people to see how they react
, what are the 3 main forms of reliability and what do they measure? - correct answer ✔✔test-
retest: consistency over time
inter item: do all of the items on an assessment measure the same thing
-inter-rater: scores are consistent across observers
what is face validity? what is construct validity? what are the 3 types of construct validity? -
correct answer ✔✔face validity: does the assessment look like it measures what it claims to
measure
construct validity: does the assessment measure what its supposed to measure
3 types of construct are:
-convergent validity: measure related as it should to other measures
-discriminant validity: measure does not related to other measures that it shouldn't relate to)
-predictive validity: measure predicts criteria external to the test
what is a correlational study? - correct answer ✔✔-used to determine whether there is a
relationship between two variables
-most common in personality psychology
-directionality and third variable problem
what is an experimental study? - correct answer ✔✔-used to determine cause and effect
(whether one variable causes another)
-whether the independent variable causes changes in the dependent variable
Cattle used ____ to predict behavior - correct answer ✔✔traits
how did Cattle define personality? - correct answer ✔✔as "that which permits a prediction of
what a person will do in a given situation" and "which defines what a person will do when faced
with a defined situation"
personality theory is... - correct answer ✔✔a grand theory that tries to explain personality for
all people
who was the first ti develop a grand theory of personality? - correct answer ✔✔Freud
in personality theory, there tends to be a conflict between... - correct answer ✔✔people who
focus on science and people who focus on humanism
a scientific theory is... - correct answer ✔✔a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to
use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
a set of assumptions need to be... - correct answer ✔✔related to each other, coherent and a
related set of ideas
a useful theory should allow researchers to... - correct answer ✔✔develop a hypothesis that
can be examined through the collection of empirical data, be falsifiable or accountable to
research results, organize research data into a coherent simple structure, and provide
explanations for scientific research
4 things a science is not: - correct answer ✔✔1- philosphy
2- specualtion
3- a hypothesis
4- taxonomy
6 things that make a theory useful: - correct answer ✔✔1- generates research
2-is falsifiable
,3-organizes data
4-guides action
5-internally consistent
6- is parsimonious
what are the 2 major tasks in personality theory? - correct answer ✔✔1- analyze human nature
and describe the universal features of human behavior
2- describe individual differences and define major dimensions of human behavior
what are the 3 main methods of assessment? - correct answer ✔✔self report, physiological
assessments, and behavioral obseration
what is self report?
what are the advantages and disadvantages? - correct answer ✔✔when people are asked
questions about themselves
advantage: you know yourself the best, its really quick and efficient
disadvantage: people might lie or not be self aware
what are physiological assessments?
what are the advantages and disadvantages? - correct answer ✔✔tracking peoples physiological
activy or bodily reactions (ex., hormones, heart rate, act...)
advantages: objective and measurable, concrete
disadvantages: have to know the context (ex., what made the persons heart rate elevate?)
what is behavioural observation? - correct answer ✔✔it includes watching and evaluating of a
persons behavior in a given situation, watching people to see how they react
, what are the 3 main forms of reliability and what do they measure? - correct answer ✔✔test-
retest: consistency over time
inter item: do all of the items on an assessment measure the same thing
-inter-rater: scores are consistent across observers
what is face validity? what is construct validity? what are the 3 types of construct validity? -
correct answer ✔✔face validity: does the assessment look like it measures what it claims to
measure
construct validity: does the assessment measure what its supposed to measure
3 types of construct are:
-convergent validity: measure related as it should to other measures
-discriminant validity: measure does not related to other measures that it shouldn't relate to)
-predictive validity: measure predicts criteria external to the test
what is a correlational study? - correct answer ✔✔-used to determine whether there is a
relationship between two variables
-most common in personality psychology
-directionality and third variable problem
what is an experimental study? - correct answer ✔✔-used to determine cause and effect
(whether one variable causes another)
-whether the independent variable causes changes in the dependent variable
Cattle used ____ to predict behavior - correct answer ✔✔traits
how did Cattle define personality? - correct answer ✔✔as "that which permits a prediction of
what a person will do in a given situation" and "which defines what a person will do when faced
with a defined situation"
