SDSU PSY 333 Final Exam Study Guide: Comprehensive Psychology
Review
Abnormal Behavior Criteria - ✔✔A pattern of symptoms associated with:
- distress
- disability
- increased risk for suffering or further harm
Disability and Risk definition - ✔✔- adaptational failure
- failure to reach developmental milestones
- Lack of progress along adaptive
developmental trajectories
- an accumulation of negative consequences
Broad Prevalence of Mental Health Problems - ✔✔1/8 children
Inadequate Services for Mental Health - ✔✔- Less than 10% receive services
- Effectiveness of most common services
unknown
- EBT uncommon in practice
Diathesis - ✔✔Underlying individual vulnerability for a disorder.
Stress - ✔✔An external challenge that calls on resources. Typically thought to be negative.
,Diathesis - Stress Model - ✔✔The interaction between individual vulnerability and external
stresses can cause the development of a disorder.
Multifinity - ✔✔One factor could lead to many outcomes.
Equifinity - ✔✔Many factors could lead to the same outcome.
Methods of measurement - ✔✔1. Questionnaires and Interviews
2. Physiological and Neurological measurement
3. Behavioral observation
Problems with Questionnaires and Interviews - ✔✔- Memory bias
- Lying
- Verbal ability
Problems with Physiological and Neurological Measurement - ✔✔- Inconsistent
- Imprecise
Problems with Behavioral Observation - ✔✔- May be reactive or atypical behavior
- Hard to observe rare or private events
True Experiment Criteria - ✔✔- Experimental and control conditions
- Random assignment
- Manipulation
- Strong inference
, Incidence - ✔✔Number of new cases over a period of time
Prevalence - ✔✔Number of total cases over a period of time
ADHD Core Characteristics - ✔✔- Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Onset before age 12
- Persistent impairment
- Must occur across settings
ADHD Assessment - ✔✔- Questionnaires and interviews (parents and teachers)
- Performance based tests meant to mimic school tasks
- Observation
ADHD Prevalence - ✔✔- 5-9% of school age children in US
- Slightly more common in impoverished children
- 3x more common in boys than girls
ADHD Prognosis - ✔✔- 50% persistence into adulthood
- poor academic outcomes
- risk for comorbidity
- shorter lifespan
ADHD Clinical Correlates - ✔✔- academic delay and impairment
- Drop in IQ scores
- speech, language, and learning problems
- conduct problems
Review
Abnormal Behavior Criteria - ✔✔A pattern of symptoms associated with:
- distress
- disability
- increased risk for suffering or further harm
Disability and Risk definition - ✔✔- adaptational failure
- failure to reach developmental milestones
- Lack of progress along adaptive
developmental trajectories
- an accumulation of negative consequences
Broad Prevalence of Mental Health Problems - ✔✔1/8 children
Inadequate Services for Mental Health - ✔✔- Less than 10% receive services
- Effectiveness of most common services
unknown
- EBT uncommon in practice
Diathesis - ✔✔Underlying individual vulnerability for a disorder.
Stress - ✔✔An external challenge that calls on resources. Typically thought to be negative.
,Diathesis - Stress Model - ✔✔The interaction between individual vulnerability and external
stresses can cause the development of a disorder.
Multifinity - ✔✔One factor could lead to many outcomes.
Equifinity - ✔✔Many factors could lead to the same outcome.
Methods of measurement - ✔✔1. Questionnaires and Interviews
2. Physiological and Neurological measurement
3. Behavioral observation
Problems with Questionnaires and Interviews - ✔✔- Memory bias
- Lying
- Verbal ability
Problems with Physiological and Neurological Measurement - ✔✔- Inconsistent
- Imprecise
Problems with Behavioral Observation - ✔✔- May be reactive or atypical behavior
- Hard to observe rare or private events
True Experiment Criteria - ✔✔- Experimental and control conditions
- Random assignment
- Manipulation
- Strong inference
, Incidence - ✔✔Number of new cases over a period of time
Prevalence - ✔✔Number of total cases over a period of time
ADHD Core Characteristics - ✔✔- Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Onset before age 12
- Persistent impairment
- Must occur across settings
ADHD Assessment - ✔✔- Questionnaires and interviews (parents and teachers)
- Performance based tests meant to mimic school tasks
- Observation
ADHD Prevalence - ✔✔- 5-9% of school age children in US
- Slightly more common in impoverished children
- 3x more common in boys than girls
ADHD Prognosis - ✔✔- 50% persistence into adulthood
- poor academic outcomes
- risk for comorbidity
- shorter lifespan
ADHD Clinical Correlates - ✔✔- academic delay and impairment
- Drop in IQ scores
- speech, language, and learning problems
- conduct problems
