Chamberlain University
1 MAXE • 422 RN
★ ★
C College of Nursing
J O U R N E Y T O E X T R A O R D I N A R Y CO M PA S S I O N AT E C A R E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Examination 1
F U N D A M E N TA LS O F N U R S I N G : I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , W O U N D C A R E , V I TA L S I G N S & M O B I L I TY
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University COURSE CODE NR 224
PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Examination 1 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 43 Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Infection control principles, chain of infection, and standard/transmission-based precautions are testable content.
▸ Pressure ulcer staging, wound assessment, and wound healing intention types are emphasized throughout.
▸ Vital sign normal ranges, orthostatic hypotension assessment, and blood pressure classification are core competencies.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for NCLEX board review purposes.
▸ All clinical data reflects current evidence-based nursing practice guidelines.
SECTION I — INFECTION CONTROL & WOUND CARE Questions 1 – 22
1. Which patient populations are at increased risk for infection?
A. Elderly, infants, immobile patients, autoimmune disorders, malnourished, immunocompromised, transplant
recipients, chemotherapy patients, HIV-positive patients, and those on steroids
B. Only elderly and infants
C. Only immunocompromised patients
D. Only patients with autoimmune disorders
CORRECT ANSWER A — Elderly, infants, immobile patients, autoimmune disorders, malnourished, immunocompromised,
transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, HIV-positive patients, and those on steroids
RATIONALE Multiple populations are at increased infection risk. Age-related immune senescence in the elderly and
immature immune systems in infants increase susceptibility. Immunosuppression from medications (steroids,
chemotherapy) or disease states (HIV, autoimmune disorders) reduces the body's ability to fight infection.
Malnutrition impairs immune function and wound healing. Immobility increases risk of pneumonia and skin
breakdown. Transplant recipients are on lifelong immunosuppression. Recognizing these risk factors allows
the nurse to implement appropriate preventive measures.
, 2. What are the body's natural defenses against infection?
A. Skin, mucus membranes, saliva/tears/sweat, inflammation, GI/GU flushing, immune system, and respiratory tract
(cilia/cough)
B. Only the skin and mucus membranes
C. Only the immune system
D. Only inflammation
CORRECT ANSWER A — Skin, mucus membranes, saliva/tears/sweat, inflammation, GI/GU flushing, immune system, and
respiratory tract (cilia/cough)
RATIONALE The body has multiple layered natural defenses. The skin provides a physical barrier against microorganisms.
Respiratory cilia trap and remove pathogens from airways; the cough reflex expels them. Saliva, tears, and
sweat contain lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme. Mucus membranes trap pathogens. GI/GU flushing
(peristalsis, urination) mechanically removes organisms. Inflammation brings immune cells to injury sites.
The immune system provides both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immunity. Understanding
these defenses helps nurses identify when they are compromised.
3. What is the nurse's role in infection control?
A. Assess, educate, use proper precautions
B. Only perform hand hygiene
C. Only administer antibiotics
D. Only isolate infectious patients
CORRECT ANSWER A — Assess, educate, use proper precautions
RATIONALE The nurse's role in infection control is multifaceted. Assessment includes identifying patients for signs of
infection (fever, elevated WBC, purulent drainage) and risk factors (age, comorbidities, invasive devices).
Education empowers patients and families on infection prevention strategies such as hand hygiene,
vaccination, and wound care. Proper precautions — both standard (applied to all patients) and transmission-
based (contact, droplet, airborne) — prevent the spread of microorganisms. This comprehensive approach
makes the nurse a critical frontline defender against healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
4. What are the links in the chain of infection?
A. Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host
B. Bacteria, Virus, Fungus, Protozoa
C. Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet, Airborne
D. Skin, Mucus Membranes, Immune System
CORRECT ANSWER A — Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host
RATIONALE The chain of infection describes the six sequential links required for infection transmission: (1) Infectious
Agent — the pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite); (2) Reservoir — where the pathogen lives (human,
animal, environment, equipment); (3) Portal of Exit — how the pathogen leaves the reservoir (respiratory
droplets, blood, feces); (4) Mode of Transmission — how it travels (contact, droplet, airborne, vector); (5)
Portal of Entry — how it enters a new host (mucous membranes, broken skin, invasive devices); (6)
Susceptible Host — a person at risk. Breaking any single link prevents infection. This framework guides all
infection control interventions.
1 MAXE • 422 RN
★ ★
C College of Nursing
J O U R N E Y T O E X T R A O R D I N A R Y CO M PA S S I O N AT E C A R E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Examination 1
F U N D A M E N TA LS O F N U R S I N G : I N F E C T I O N CO N T R O L , W O U N D C A R E , V I TA L S I G N S & M O B I L I TY
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University COURSE CODE NR 224
PROGRAM Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Examination 1 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 43 Questions
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question unless otherwise instructed.
▸ Infection control principles, chain of infection, and standard/transmission-based precautions are testable content.
▸ Pressure ulcer staging, wound assessment, and wound healing intention types are emphasized throughout.
▸ Vital sign normal ranges, orthostatic hypotension assessment, and blood pressure classification are core competencies.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for NCLEX board review purposes.
▸ All clinical data reflects current evidence-based nursing practice guidelines.
SECTION I — INFECTION CONTROL & WOUND CARE Questions 1 – 22
1. Which patient populations are at increased risk for infection?
A. Elderly, infants, immobile patients, autoimmune disorders, malnourished, immunocompromised, transplant
recipients, chemotherapy patients, HIV-positive patients, and those on steroids
B. Only elderly and infants
C. Only immunocompromised patients
D. Only patients with autoimmune disorders
CORRECT ANSWER A — Elderly, infants, immobile patients, autoimmune disorders, malnourished, immunocompromised,
transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients, HIV-positive patients, and those on steroids
RATIONALE Multiple populations are at increased infection risk. Age-related immune senescence in the elderly and
immature immune systems in infants increase susceptibility. Immunosuppression from medications (steroids,
chemotherapy) or disease states (HIV, autoimmune disorders) reduces the body's ability to fight infection.
Malnutrition impairs immune function and wound healing. Immobility increases risk of pneumonia and skin
breakdown. Transplant recipients are on lifelong immunosuppression. Recognizing these risk factors allows
the nurse to implement appropriate preventive measures.
, 2. What are the body's natural defenses against infection?
A. Skin, mucus membranes, saliva/tears/sweat, inflammation, GI/GU flushing, immune system, and respiratory tract
(cilia/cough)
B. Only the skin and mucus membranes
C. Only the immune system
D. Only inflammation
CORRECT ANSWER A — Skin, mucus membranes, saliva/tears/sweat, inflammation, GI/GU flushing, immune system, and
respiratory tract (cilia/cough)
RATIONALE The body has multiple layered natural defenses. The skin provides a physical barrier against microorganisms.
Respiratory cilia trap and remove pathogens from airways; the cough reflex expels them. Saliva, tears, and
sweat contain lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme. Mucus membranes trap pathogens. GI/GU flushing
(peristalsis, urination) mechanically removes organisms. Inflammation brings immune cells to injury sites.
The immune system provides both innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immunity. Understanding
these defenses helps nurses identify when they are compromised.
3. What is the nurse's role in infection control?
A. Assess, educate, use proper precautions
B. Only perform hand hygiene
C. Only administer antibiotics
D. Only isolate infectious patients
CORRECT ANSWER A — Assess, educate, use proper precautions
RATIONALE The nurse's role in infection control is multifaceted. Assessment includes identifying patients for signs of
infection (fever, elevated WBC, purulent drainage) and risk factors (age, comorbidities, invasive devices).
Education empowers patients and families on infection prevention strategies such as hand hygiene,
vaccination, and wound care. Proper precautions — both standard (applied to all patients) and transmission-
based (contact, droplet, airborne) — prevent the spread of microorganisms. This comprehensive approach
makes the nurse a critical frontline defender against healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
4. What are the links in the chain of infection?
A. Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host
B. Bacteria, Virus, Fungus, Protozoa
C. Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Droplet, Airborne
D. Skin, Mucus Membranes, Immune System
CORRECT ANSWER A — Infectious Agent, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of Transmission, Portal of Entry, Susceptible Host
RATIONALE The chain of infection describes the six sequential links required for infection transmission: (1) Infectious
Agent — the pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite); (2) Reservoir — where the pathogen lives (human,
animal, environment, equipment); (3) Portal of Exit — how the pathogen leaves the reservoir (respiratory
droplets, blood, feces); (4) Mode of Transmission — how it travels (contact, droplet, airborne, vector); (5)
Portal of Entry — how it enters a new host (mucous membranes, broken skin, invasive devices); (6)
Susceptible Host — a person at risk. Breaking any single link prevents infection. This framework guides all
infection control interventions.
