Chamberlain University
LANIF 422 RN
★ ★
College of Nursing & Public Health
C
C A R E • CO M P E T E N C E • CO N F I D E N C E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
F I N A L E X A M : V I S I O N & H E A R I N G D I S O R D E R S , ST R E SS , PA L L I AT I V E / H O S P I C E , I V T H E R A P Y,
E L E C T R O LYT E S & S E I Z U R E S
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University — COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
College of Nursing & Public Nursing
Health
EXAM VERSION Latest Edition / Current Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
FINAL EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam.
▸ Covers vision disorders (macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, presbyopia, retinal detachment, myopia,
hyperopia, astigmatism, diabetic retinopathy), hearing disorders (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, presbycusis,
cerumen, tinnitus, ototoxicity, otitis media, otosclerosis), stress types (fight-or-flight,
internal/external/developmental/situational stressors), palliative/hospice care, hypovolemia/hypervolemia, IV
complications (infiltration, phlebitis), injection angles (IM/SQ), normal electrolyte ranges (sodium, potassium,
calcium, magnesium), hypokalemia/hyperkalemia risks, seizure precautions, and seizure types (generalized, focal,
tonic, atonic, clonic, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, absence, febrile).
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale based on evidence-based practice and Chamberlain University nursing
curriculum standards.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the final exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing practice.
SECTION I — VISION DISORDERS Q1–Q9
1. What is macular vision loss?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Age-related vision loss that affects the center of the retina; causes blurry vision or
dark spots.
RATIONALE: Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Central vision is affected, while
peripheral vision remains intact. Risk factors include age, smoking, and family history.
2. What is glaucoma?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with
loss of vision.
RATIONALE: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type,
often asymptomatic initially. Treatment includes eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure.
, 3. What are cataracts?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Clouding of the lens.
RATIONALE: Cataracts cause progressive, painless vision loss. Risk factors include aging, UV exposure, diabetes, and
smoking. Surgical removal with lens replacement is the definitive treatment.
4. What is presbyopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Age-related farsightedness.
RATIONALE: Presbyopia results from loss of lens elasticity with aging. Difficulty focusing on near objects (e.g.,
reading) is the hallmark symptom. Reading glasses or bifocals correct the condition.
5. What is retinal detachment?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Two layers of the retina separate from each other.
RATIONALE: Retinal detachment is an ophthalmologic emergency. Symptoms include sudden floaters, flashes of
light, and a curtain over vision. Prompt surgical repair is needed to prevent permanent vision loss.
6. What is myopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Nearsightedness.
RATIONALE: Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved. Light focuses in front of the
retina, causing distance vision blur. Corrected with concave lenses, LASIK, or orthokeratology.
7. What is hyperopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Farsightedness.
RATIONALE: Hyperopia occurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat. Light focuses behind the retina,
causing near vision blur. Corrected with convex lenses or LASIK.
8. What is astigmatism?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. A condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of
the cornea.
RATIONALE: Astigmatism causes blurred or distorted vision at all distances. It often occurs with myopia or
hyperopia. Corrected with toric lenses, glasses, or refractive surgery.
LANIF 422 RN
★ ★
College of Nursing & Public Health
C
C A R E • CO M P E T E N C E • CO N F I D E N C E
EST. 1889
NR 224 — Fundamentals of Nursing
F I N A L E X A M : V I S I O N & H E A R I N G D I S O R D E R S , ST R E SS , PA L L I AT I V E / H O S P I C E , I V T H E R A P Y,
E L E C T R O LYT E S & S E I Z U R E S
INSTITUTION Chamberlain University — COURSE NR 224 – Fundamentals of
College of Nursing & Public Nursing
Health
EXAM VERSION Latest Edition / Current Update TOTAL QUESTIONS 50 Q&A with Clinical Rationale
FORMAT Multiple Choice – Select the GRADE A – 100% Correct Verified
Single Best Answer Answers
FINAL EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE
▸ This document contains verified Q&A for NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam.
▸ Covers vision disorders (macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts, presbyopia, retinal detachment, myopia,
hyperopia, astigmatism, diabetic retinopathy), hearing disorders (conductive, sensorineural, mixed, presbycusis,
cerumen, tinnitus, ototoxicity, otitis media, otosclerosis), stress types (fight-or-flight,
internal/external/developmental/situational stressors), palliative/hospice care, hypovolemia/hypervolemia, IV
complications (infiltration, phlebitis), injection angles (IM/SQ), normal electrolyte ranges (sodium, potassium,
calcium, magnesium), hypokalemia/hyperkalemia risks, seizure precautions, and seizure types (generalized, focal,
tonic, atonic, clonic, myoclonic, tonic-clonic, absence, febrile).
▸ Each answer includes clinical rationale based on evidence-based practice and Chamberlain University nursing
curriculum standards.
▸ Use this guide to prepare for the final exam and for clinical application in foundational nursing practice.
SECTION I — VISION DISORDERS Q1–Q9
1. What is macular vision loss?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Age-related vision loss that affects the center of the retina; causes blurry vision or
dark spots.
RATIONALE: Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Central vision is affected, while
peripheral vision remains intact. Risk factors include age, smoking, and family history.
2. What is glaucoma?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with
loss of vision.
RATIONALE: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type,
often asymptomatic initially. Treatment includes eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure.
, 3. What are cataracts?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Clouding of the lens.
RATIONALE: Cataracts cause progressive, painless vision loss. Risk factors include aging, UV exposure, diabetes, and
smoking. Surgical removal with lens replacement is the definitive treatment.
4. What is presbyopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Age-related farsightedness.
RATIONALE: Presbyopia results from loss of lens elasticity with aging. Difficulty focusing on near objects (e.g.,
reading) is the hallmark symptom. Reading glasses or bifocals correct the condition.
5. What is retinal detachment?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Two layers of the retina separate from each other.
RATIONALE: Retinal detachment is an ophthalmologic emergency. Symptoms include sudden floaters, flashes of
light, and a curtain over vision. Prompt surgical repair is needed to prevent permanent vision loss.
6. What is myopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Nearsightedness.
RATIONALE: Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved. Light focuses in front of the
retina, causing distance vision blur. Corrected with concave lenses, LASIK, or orthokeratology.
7. What is hyperopia?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. Farsightedness.
RATIONALE: Hyperopia occurs when the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat. Light focuses behind the retina,
causing near vision blur. Corrected with convex lenses or LASIK.
8. What is astigmatism?
CORRECT ANSWER: A. A condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of
the cornea.
RATIONALE: Astigmatism causes blurred or distorted vision at all distances. It often occurs with myopia or
hyperopia. Corrected with toric lenses, glasses, or refractive surgery.
