PSY 333 Exam 5 Study Guide: Advanced Abnormal Psychology Review
Demonstrator - correct answer ✔✔Individual providing information
Observer - correct answer ✔✔Individual that has opportunity for information gained.
Baby humans can recognize themselves after - correct answer ✔✔1 year of life
Manta Rays - correct answer ✔✔Show possible self-recognition because not social with image,
but more-so understood that was themselves.
Pigs - correct answer ✔✔Use mirror to find food: flexibility in the use instead of just looking
Who first used the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔Gordon Gallup (1997)
What is done during the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔-Animal anesthetized, marked with ink,
shown themselves in mirror.
-If they touch the mark, this shows self-awareness.
What is Heyes counter-argument to the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔`The animal may get
bored and return to grooming while keeping a casual eye on the mirror.
What is the counter-argument to the counter-argument to the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔-
Animal making directed response, however numbers have hard time supporting if mirror makes
a difference in if the animal touches the mark or not.
Pigeon and Blue key/dot test - correct answer ✔✔2 pretest phases:
, 1stphase: pigeons trained to look in the mirror and watch for the reflection of a blue key, lit up
on the wall behind them.
Key was turned off before the pigeon could turn around.
If they turned around and pecked where the key had ben lit up even though it was off now, they
would get brief access to food.
2ndphase: Blue dot stickers were placed on the pigeons feathers in locations where the pigeons
could see them in the mirror. If they pecked at the blue dots on themselves, they were given
food.
Test Phase:
A blue dot sticker was placed on the pigeons chest, but also a white bib was placed around each
pigeons neck. Couldn't see dot because of bib.
Then mirror put in chamber.
Top left picture: only see it if standing up.
-If they looked in the mirror and saw where the dot was even if they couldn't find the blue dot,
they would still peck the blue dot on their chest because they saw the blue dot in the mirror.
Would peck it where it was supposed to be.
What do signals do? - correct answer ✔✔Give information about a variety of things, such as the
location of a food source, or the presence of possible threats.
Social cognition in dogs (Miklosi et al. (1998)) - correct answer ✔✔Human experimenter stood
between two bowls, both smelled like food but only one had food. Control for smell.
-A dog stood 3 meters back, and watched as the human pointed to the bowl that had the food.
-If the dog went to the bowl the human pointed to, it was given food.
-If it went to the bowl without food, it was shown the food from the other bowl but not given
then food.
-All 5 dogs tested were successful and were able to follow pointing.
-Part of social cognition: Follow a cue.
Demonstrator - correct answer ✔✔Individual providing information
Observer - correct answer ✔✔Individual that has opportunity for information gained.
Baby humans can recognize themselves after - correct answer ✔✔1 year of life
Manta Rays - correct answer ✔✔Show possible self-recognition because not social with image,
but more-so understood that was themselves.
Pigs - correct answer ✔✔Use mirror to find food: flexibility in the use instead of just looking
Who first used the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔Gordon Gallup (1997)
What is done during the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔-Animal anesthetized, marked with ink,
shown themselves in mirror.
-If they touch the mark, this shows self-awareness.
What is Heyes counter-argument to the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔`The animal may get
bored and return to grooming while keeping a casual eye on the mirror.
What is the counter-argument to the counter-argument to the mark test? - correct answer ✔✔-
Animal making directed response, however numbers have hard time supporting if mirror makes
a difference in if the animal touches the mark or not.
Pigeon and Blue key/dot test - correct answer ✔✔2 pretest phases:
, 1stphase: pigeons trained to look in the mirror and watch for the reflection of a blue key, lit up
on the wall behind them.
Key was turned off before the pigeon could turn around.
If they turned around and pecked where the key had ben lit up even though it was off now, they
would get brief access to food.
2ndphase: Blue dot stickers were placed on the pigeons feathers in locations where the pigeons
could see them in the mirror. If they pecked at the blue dots on themselves, they were given
food.
Test Phase:
A blue dot sticker was placed on the pigeons chest, but also a white bib was placed around each
pigeons neck. Couldn't see dot because of bib.
Then mirror put in chamber.
Top left picture: only see it if standing up.
-If they looked in the mirror and saw where the dot was even if they couldn't find the blue dot,
they would still peck the blue dot on their chest because they saw the blue dot in the mirror.
Would peck it where it was supposed to be.
What do signals do? - correct answer ✔✔Give information about a variety of things, such as the
location of a food source, or the presence of possible threats.
Social cognition in dogs (Miklosi et al. (1998)) - correct answer ✔✔Human experimenter stood
between two bowls, both smelled like food but only one had food. Control for smell.
-A dog stood 3 meters back, and watched as the human pointed to the bowl that had the food.
-If the dog went to the bowl the human pointed to, it was given food.
-If it went to the bowl without food, it was shown the food from the other bowl but not given
then food.
-All 5 dogs tested were successful and were able to follow pointing.
-Part of social cognition: Follow a cue.
