NUR 631 ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Midterm and Final
Exam Prep Test Bank 1
Grand Canyon University (GCU) NUR 631 |
Latest Exam Prep
350 Exam Questions with Correct Answers & Detailed
Rationales
ABOUT NUR 631 – ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This course provides an advanced understanding of physiological and
pathophysiological concepts across the lifespan. Topics include
cellular function, genetics, immunity, inflammation, fluid/electrolyte
balance, and system-specific pathophysiology (cardiovascular,
respiratory, renal, neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and
musculoskeletal systems).
UNIT 1: CELLULAR FUNCTION, INFLAMMATION,
AND IMMUNITY
,Question 1
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of
breath. Laboratory findings show macrocytic anemia. Which of the
following is the most likely cause?
A) Iron deficiency
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
C) Sickle cell disease
D) Thalassemia
Answer: B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
Rationale: Macrocytic anemia (large RBCs) is caused by impaired DNA
synthesis, most commonly due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Iron deficiency causes microcytic anemia. Sickle cell and thalassemia
are hemolytic anemias.
Question 2
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte
imbalance is the patient at greatest risk for developing?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and
chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to
increased potassium excretion and hypokalemia.
,Question 3
A 60-year-old female presents with acute onset of severe chest pain
radiating to the jaw and left arm. ECG shows ST-segment elevation in
leads V1-V4. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded?
A) Right coronary artery
B) Left anterior descending artery
C) Left circumflex artery
D) Posterior descending artery
Answer: B) Left anterior descending artery
Rationale: ST elevation in leads V1-V4 indicates an anterior wall
myocardial infarction, which is typically caused by occlusion of the left
anterior descending (LAD) artery.
Question 4
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the secondary
immune response?
A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgE
D) IgG
Answer: D) IgG
, Rationale: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin and is
responsible for the secondary immune response, providing long-term
immunity after exposure or vaccination.
Question 5
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory
mechanism would the body initiate?
A) Hypoventilation
B) Hyperventilation
C) Increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
D) Decreased renal hydrogen ion excretion
Answer: B) Hyperventilation
Rationale: In metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system compensates
by increasing the rate and depth of breathing (hyperventilation) to
blow off carbon dioxide and raise pH.
Question 6
A 35-year-old female presents with joint pain, butterfly rash on the
face, and photosensitivity. Laboratory findings show positive
antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Midterm and Final
Exam Prep Test Bank 1
Grand Canyon University (GCU) NUR 631 |
Latest Exam Prep
350 Exam Questions with Correct Answers & Detailed
Rationales
ABOUT NUR 631 – ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
This course provides an advanced understanding of physiological and
pathophysiological concepts across the lifespan. Topics include
cellular function, genetics, immunity, inflammation, fluid/electrolyte
balance, and system-specific pathophysiology (cardiovascular,
respiratory, renal, neurological, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and
musculoskeletal systems).
UNIT 1: CELLULAR FUNCTION, INFLAMMATION,
AND IMMUNITY
,Question 1
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of
breath. Laboratory findings show macrocytic anemia. Which of the
following is the most likely cause?
A) Iron deficiency
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
C) Sickle cell disease
D) Thalassemia
Answer: B) Vitamin B12 deficiency
Rationale: Macrocytic anemia (large RBCs) is caused by impaired DNA
synthesis, most commonly due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Iron deficiency causes microcytic anemia. Sickle cell and thalassemia
are hemolytic anemias.
Question 2
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte
imbalance is the patient at greatest risk for developing?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hypermagnesemia
Answer: B) Hypokalemia
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and
chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to
increased potassium excretion and hypokalemia.
,Question 3
A 60-year-old female presents with acute onset of severe chest pain
radiating to the jaw and left arm. ECG shows ST-segment elevation in
leads V1-V4. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded?
A) Right coronary artery
B) Left anterior descending artery
C) Left circumflex artery
D) Posterior descending artery
Answer: B) Left anterior descending artery
Rationale: ST elevation in leads V1-V4 indicates an anterior wall
myocardial infarction, which is typically caused by occlusion of the left
anterior descending (LAD) artery.
Question 4
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the secondary
immune response?
A) IgM
B) IgA
C) IgE
D) IgG
Answer: D) IgG
, Rationale: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin and is
responsible for the secondary immune response, providing long-term
immunity after exposure or vaccination.
Question 5
A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory
mechanism would the body initiate?
A) Hypoventilation
B) Hyperventilation
C) Increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption
D) Decreased renal hydrogen ion excretion
Answer: B) Hyperventilation
Rationale: In metabolic acidosis, the respiratory system compensates
by increasing the rate and depth of breathing (hyperventilation) to
blow off carbon dioxide and raise pH.
Question 6
A 35-year-old female presents with joint pain, butterfly rash on the
face, and photosensitivity. Laboratory findings show positive
antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Which
diagnosis is most likely?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
