NUR 405 Exam 1 ACTUAL UPDATED Questions
and CORRECT Answers
Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Systematic inquiry using discipined methods to solve problems or answer
questions
Plays an important role in credentialing and status - CORRECT ANSWER -Research
Evidenced Based Practice - CORRECT ANSWER -The use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care
decisions
EBP Steps - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Clinically appropriate
2. Cost effective
3. Result in positive client outcomes
Users - CORRECT ANSWER -Nurses who read research reports to keep up-to-dat on findings that any affect their
practice
Producers - CORRECT ANSWER -Nurses who actively design and undertake studies
How can you help if you've never conducted a study? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Help develop an idea for a
clinical study
2. Assist researchers by collecting information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Solve a clinical problem by searching for research evidence
5. Discuss the implications of a new study in a journal club
1850s - CORRECT ANSWER -Pioneered by Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing
1950s - CORRECT ANSWER -First journal on research emerged (Nursing Research), increase in nurse with
advanced degrees and better research training, increase in the availability of funds from the government and private
foundations
1960s/1970s - CORRECT ANSWER -The focus was on clinical research and improving patient outcomes NOT on
nursing education anymore
1980s - CORRECT ANSWER -Clinical research becomes increasingly important- what should be done at bedside
1986 - CORRECT ANSWER -National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) established at NIH to promote and
financially support research projects and training related to patient care
1989 - CORRECT ANSWER -Agency for Healthcarre Research and Quality (AHRQ) is the federal agency that has
been charged with supporting research specifically designed to improve the quality of healthcare, reduce health costs and
enhance patient safety
1993 - CORRECT ANSWER -National Institutes of Nursing Research (NINR) established
NINR Budget exceeds $100 mil - CORRECT ANSWER -2000s
NINR budget about $150 mil - CORRECT ANSWER -2014
Translational research - CORRECT ANSWER -Research on how findings from studies can best be translated into
nurse practice, how to get research into practice
Future Directions of Nursing Research - CORRECT ANSWER --Heightened focus on evidence based practice
-Use of multiple, rigorous medical confirmatory strategies
-Greater stress on systematic reviews
-Expanded local research in healthcare settings
, -More multidisciplinary collaboration
-Expanded dissemination of research findings
-Greater focus on the cultural issues and health disparities
Multisite studies - CORRECT ANSWER -Different sites at SAME TIME
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER -Different times if at SAME SIT
Ecologic Validity - CORRECT ANSWER -The extent to which study designs and findings have relevance and
meaning in a variety of real world contexts
Tradition - CORRECT ANSWER --Certain beliefs accepted as truths simply based on custom
-May undermine effective problem solving
Authority - CORRECT ANSWER --Following protocol
-Person with a specialized expertise
-Not dependable & their knowledge is often unchallenged
Clinical Experience - CORRECT ANSWER --Trail and error, intuition
-Each nurse's experience is too narrow to be generally useful and personal experiences are often colored by biases
Trial and error - CORRECT ANSWER -Involves trying alternatives successively until a solution to a problem is
found
Inductive (logical reasoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of developing generalizations from specific
observations; builds- specific to general
Deductive (logical reasoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of developing specific problems from general
principles; breaks down- general to specific
Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER -A way of looking, world view, at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of
philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry
Positivist Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER --Paradigm underlying the traditional scientific approach, which
assumes there is an orderly reality that can be objectively studied; often associated to inquiry
Naturalistic/Constructivist Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER --An alternative paradigm (also called naturalistic
paradigm) to post its paradigm that holds that there are multiple interpretations of reality and that goal of research is to
understand how individuals construct reality within their context; associated with qualitative research
Aligned with scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER -Positivist Paradigm
Positivist Paradigm Assumption - CORRECT ANSWER -The research is independent from those being studied
Pain exists, can be described and rated, can find causes, can treat and improve it - CORRECT ANSWER -Positivist
Paadigm
Pain exhausts but is different for everybody; may have roots in multiple systems or be purely physical (pain scale cannot
be used because it does not completely capture the pain) - CORRECT ANSWER -Naturalistic/Constructivist
paradigm
Positivist Paradigm Reality - CORRECT ANSWER --Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes
(cause and effect). Much research is directed at understanding the underlying causes of natural phenomena
Naturalistic/Constructivist Paradigm Reality - CORRECT ANSWER -Reality is multiple and subjective;
constructed by individuals through experience
Constructivist Assumprion - CORRECT ANSWER -The research interacts with those being studied; findings
reflect the interaction
and CORRECT Answers
Research - CORRECT ANSWER -Systematic inquiry using discipined methods to solve problems or answer
questions
Plays an important role in credentialing and status - CORRECT ANSWER -Research
Evidenced Based Practice - CORRECT ANSWER -The use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care
decisions
EBP Steps - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Clinically appropriate
2. Cost effective
3. Result in positive client outcomes
Users - CORRECT ANSWER -Nurses who read research reports to keep up-to-dat on findings that any affect their
practice
Producers - CORRECT ANSWER -Nurses who actively design and undertake studies
How can you help if you've never conducted a study? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Help develop an idea for a
clinical study
2. Assist researchers by collecting information
3. Offer advice to clients about participating in a study
4. Solve a clinical problem by searching for research evidence
5. Discuss the implications of a new study in a journal club
1850s - CORRECT ANSWER -Pioneered by Florence Nightingale, Notes on Nursing
1950s - CORRECT ANSWER -First journal on research emerged (Nursing Research), increase in nurse with
advanced degrees and better research training, increase in the availability of funds from the government and private
foundations
1960s/1970s - CORRECT ANSWER -The focus was on clinical research and improving patient outcomes NOT on
nursing education anymore
1980s - CORRECT ANSWER -Clinical research becomes increasingly important- what should be done at bedside
1986 - CORRECT ANSWER -National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) established at NIH to promote and
financially support research projects and training related to patient care
1989 - CORRECT ANSWER -Agency for Healthcarre Research and Quality (AHRQ) is the federal agency that has
been charged with supporting research specifically designed to improve the quality of healthcare, reduce health costs and
enhance patient safety
1993 - CORRECT ANSWER -National Institutes of Nursing Research (NINR) established
NINR Budget exceeds $100 mil - CORRECT ANSWER -2000s
NINR budget about $150 mil - CORRECT ANSWER -2014
Translational research - CORRECT ANSWER -Research on how findings from studies can best be translated into
nurse practice, how to get research into practice
Future Directions of Nursing Research - CORRECT ANSWER --Heightened focus on evidence based practice
-Use of multiple, rigorous medical confirmatory strategies
-Greater stress on systematic reviews
-Expanded local research in healthcare settings
, -More multidisciplinary collaboration
-Expanded dissemination of research findings
-Greater focus on the cultural issues and health disparities
Multisite studies - CORRECT ANSWER -Different sites at SAME TIME
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER -Different times if at SAME SIT
Ecologic Validity - CORRECT ANSWER -The extent to which study designs and findings have relevance and
meaning in a variety of real world contexts
Tradition - CORRECT ANSWER --Certain beliefs accepted as truths simply based on custom
-May undermine effective problem solving
Authority - CORRECT ANSWER --Following protocol
-Person with a specialized expertise
-Not dependable & their knowledge is often unchallenged
Clinical Experience - CORRECT ANSWER --Trail and error, intuition
-Each nurse's experience is too narrow to be generally useful and personal experiences are often colored by biases
Trial and error - CORRECT ANSWER -Involves trying alternatives successively until a solution to a problem is
found
Inductive (logical reasoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of developing generalizations from specific
observations; builds- specific to general
Deductive (logical reasoning) - CORRECT ANSWER -The process of developing specific problems from general
principles; breaks down- general to specific
Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER -A way of looking, world view, at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of
philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry
Positivist Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER --Paradigm underlying the traditional scientific approach, which
assumes there is an orderly reality that can be objectively studied; often associated to inquiry
Naturalistic/Constructivist Paradigm - CORRECT ANSWER --An alternative paradigm (also called naturalistic
paradigm) to post its paradigm that holds that there are multiple interpretations of reality and that goal of research is to
understand how individuals construct reality within their context; associated with qualitative research
Aligned with scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER -Positivist Paradigm
Positivist Paradigm Assumption - CORRECT ANSWER -The research is independent from those being studied
Pain exists, can be described and rated, can find causes, can treat and improve it - CORRECT ANSWER -Positivist
Paadigm
Pain exhausts but is different for everybody; may have roots in multiple systems or be purely physical (pain scale cannot
be used because it does not completely capture the pain) - CORRECT ANSWER -Naturalistic/Constructivist
paradigm
Positivist Paradigm Reality - CORRECT ANSWER --Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes
(cause and effect). Much research is directed at understanding the underlying causes of natural phenomena
Naturalistic/Constructivist Paradigm Reality - CORRECT ANSWER -Reality is multiple and subjective;
constructed by individuals through experience
Constructivist Assumprion - CORRECT ANSWER -The research interacts with those being studied; findings
reflect the interaction
